A 16-year-old boy is rushed to the emergency room after sustaining a stab wound to the chest during a fight. Physical examination reveals a 1-inch entry wound at the right 5th Intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line. Chest x-ray reveals air in the right pleural space. Which of the following is an expected complication of pneumothorax in this patient?

A 60-year-old man complained of leg cramps that are so severe that he must often stop walking. What is the underlying pathologic basis for "intermittent claudication" in this patient?

A 26-year-old woman who recently emigrated from Africa presents with swelling of her right leg (patient with elephantiasis shown). What is the name for fluid accumulation in the soft tissue of this patient's night leg?

A 67-year-old woman with a history of diabetes, systemic hypertension and recent myocardial infarction suddenly develops gangrene of her left toe. The patient's vital signs are unremarkable. Blood cultures are negative. What is the most likely cause of necrosis in this patient?

A 32-year-old woman who weighs 125 kg (275 lb) is in the hospital for open reduction and internal fixation of a fractured ankle. She states that the only medication she is taking is an oral contraceptive. Four days after the surgery, she suddenly complains of chest pain and is noted to have difficulty breathing. Pulse oximetry reveals an arterial pO2 of 75%. She becomes unresponsive. During resuscitation, she is noted to have pulseless electrical activity. Despite aggressive efforts, she dies. An autopsy is most likely to reveal which of the following conditions?

A 20-year-old man from China is evaluated for persistent cough, night sweats, low-grade fever, and general malaise. An x-ray film of the chest reveals findings that are described as "consistent with a Ghon complex". Sputum cultures grow acid-fast bacilli. Biopsy of a hilar lymph node in this patient would most likely demonstrate which of the following morphological patterns of necrosis?

A 67-year-old smoker with long-standing bronchitis expectorates blood during a paroxysm of coughing. What is a possible serious cause of hemoptysis in this patient that should be considered?

A 50-year-old alcoholic man was brought to the Emergency Department in respiratory distress, complaining of stabbing chest pain on inspiration and sudden onset chills. He was running a high fever (104°F), coughing, and expectorating a thick yellow- green sputum. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his respiratory distress?

A 68-year-old male with a history of severe COPD presents to the emergency department with acute onset dyspnea, tachypnea, peripheral edema, and jugular venous distention. He reports worsening fatigue and shortness of breath over several weeks, now occurring at rest. Physical exam reveals cyanosis, a loud P2 heart sound, and hepatomegaly. An echocardiogram demonstrates right ventricular dilation with right ventricular hypertrophy and reduced right ventricular systolic function. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Varicose veins of the legs, as well as esophageal varices, hemorrhoids and varicocele of the scrotum, are all characterized by which of the following pathologic features?

A 72-year-old man who works for a mine in Libby, Montana, has a clinical history of pulmonary function tests that show a decreased FEV, and FVC, with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio. He dies and an autopsy is performed. The autopsy reveals a tumor in the right pleural cavity, which completely encases the lung. He also has tan- white pleural plaques in the right pleural cavity. Upon histologic examination of the lung, prominent alveolar septal fibrosis with honeycomb change is identified. This patient was most likely exposed to which of the following agents?