A 24-year-old pregnant woman asks the nurse if it is safe to drink alcohol during pregnancy. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

Small amounts of alcohol are safe during the second trimester."

"Alcohol is only harmful in the first trimester."

"Alcohol should be avoided completely during pregnancy."

"Beer is safer than hard liquor while pregnant."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Small amounts of alcohol are safe during the second trimester." is incorrect because no amount of alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy. Even small amounts can affect fetal development and increase the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

B. "Alcohol is only harmful in the first trimester." is incorrect because alcohol exposure can be harmful at any stage of pregnancy, not just the first trimester. While organogenesis occurs early, alcohol can still affect fetal growth, brain development, and neurobehavioral outcomes throughout pregnancy.

C. "Alcohol should be avoided completely during pregnancy." is correct. The safest recommendation is complete abstinence from alcohol. This approach eliminates the risk of alcohol-related complications and supports optimal fetal development. Health authorities, including the CDC and ACOG, advise that no level of alcohol is safe during pregnancy.

D. "Beer is safer than hard liquor while pregnant." is incorrect because all types of alcoholic beverages pose a risk to the developing fetus, regardless of alcohol content or type. There is no safe form of alcohol during pregnancy.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Excessive oral secretions, coughing, and cyanosis during feeding is correct. These are classic signs of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). TEF results in an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus, causing ingested fluids to enter the airway. This leads to choking, coughing, cyanosis, and excessive drooling, especially during feeding. Early recognition is critical to prevent aspiration and respiratory complications.

B. Poor suck reflex and hypotonia is incorrect because these findings are associated with neurologic or metabolic disorders, not TEF. While feeding difficulties may occur, they do not specifically indicate a fistula between the trachea and esophagus.

C. Projectile vomiting with blood-tinged emesis is incorrect because this is more characteristic of pyloric stenosis or upper gastrointestinal bleeding, not TEF. TEF primarily affects swallowing and airway protection, not gastric emptying.

D. Bilious vomiting with abdominal distension is incorrect because these signs suggest intestinal obstruction, such as malrotation or intestinal atresia, rather than TEF.

A. A primiparous patient who delivered a 7pound 10 ounce baby 24 hours ago. B. A multiparous patient who delivered a 9 pound baby 4 hours ago. C. A primiparous patient who delivered a late preterm baby 24 hours ago. D. A multiparous patient who delivered a 7 pound baby 6 hours ago.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A primiparous patient who delivered a 7-pound 10-ounce baby 24 hours ago is at lower risk because primiparous patients generally have a lower risk of postpartum hemorrhage, and moderate birth weight babies rarely cause excessive uterine stretching. The 24-hour postpartum period also allows for initial uterine contraction.

B. A multiparous patient who delivered a 9-pound baby 4 hours ago is correct because multiparity and macrosomia (large baby) increase the risk of uterine atony, which is the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage. The patient is also in the early postpartum period (first 24 hours), which is when most hemorrhages occur, making this patient the highest risk.

C. A primiparous patient who delivered a late preterm baby 24 hours ago is lower risk because smaller birth weight and primiparity reduce the risk of excessive uterine stretching and atony.

D. A multiparous patient who delivered a 7-pound baby 6 hours ago is at some risk due to multiparity, but the smaller baby size reduces the likelihood of uterine atony compared with a 9-pound infant.

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A 24-year-old pregnant woman asks the nurse if it is safe to drink alcohol during pregnancy. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A newborn is suspected of having esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Which clinical finding would most strongly support this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

As the nurse cares for four postpartum patients, which patient is at highest risk for hemorrhage?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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