A 57-year-old male client is brought to the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical services (EMS) with reports of chest pain. Client was mowing his lawn and noticed chest pain presenting as tightness and pressure. The pain continued to increase over about 30 minutes when the client decided to rest. The client's wife called emergency medical services (EMS) when the pain was unrelieved after 20 minutes of rest. Client reports no other incidents of experiencing this pain. His medical history includes hypertension, obesity, and a 20 year history of smoking, having quit about 5 years ago. Takes metoprolol succinate ER 25 mg PO.
For each assessment finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with angina or myocardial infarction, or both. Each column must have at least one response option selected.
Epigastric distress
Occurring without cause
Pain only relieved by opioids
Feelings of fear
Chest pain radiating down arm
Pain relived by nitroglycerin
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"A,B"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}
- Epigastric distress: Epigastric discomfort can occur in both angina and myocardial infarction due to referred pain or visceral irritation from ischemia. Clients may confuse this with indigestion, particularly in atypical presentations.
- Occurring without cause: Myocardial infarction pain often occurs suddenly and unpredictably, including during rest or sleep. It is not always precipitated by physical exertion or emotional stress, unlike classic stable angina.
- Pain only relieved by opioids: Myocardial infarction pain is severe and typically not responsive to nitroglycerin alone. Relief often requires opioid analgesics like morphine, which also help reduce cardiac workload.
- Feelings of fear: A sense of impending doom or intense anxiety is commonly reported in both angina and myocardial infarction, likely due to sympathetic nervous system activation during cardiac distress.
- Chest pain radiating down arm: Radiation of pain, especially to the left arm, is classic in both angina and myocardial infarction. It reflects the shared neural pathways between the heart and upper extremity.
- Pain relieved by nitroglycerin: Angina is typically responsive to rest and nitroglycerin, which dilates coronary arteries and reduces oxygen demand. In contrast, MI pain often persists despite nitroglycerin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB): CK-MB is a cardiac marker that rises after myocardial injury, but it is less specific and peaks later than troponin. While it can support diagnosis, it is not the most critical marker to monitor immediately following resuscitation and ST elevation.
B. Troponin: Troponin is the most sensitive and specific marker of MI. It rises within 3–6 hours of cardiac muscle damage. In a post-CPR client with ST elevation, monitoring troponin is crucial for assessing the extent of cardiac injury and guiding further treatment.
C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD): LDH is a nonspecific enzyme elevated in many conditions involving tissue breakdown. It lacks the specificity and rapid diagnostic utility needed for acute coronary syndrome assessment post-resuscitation.
D. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT): ALT is a liver enzyme and is not relevant to immediate cardiac status or post-resuscitation myocardial injury. Monitoring it does not provide useful information for evaluating acute ST elevation or cardiac ischemia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bilateral tinnitus when initially standing up: Tinnitus is not a common or serious adverse effect of nitroglycerin. While it may indicate another underlying issue, such as hypertension or ototoxicity, it is not immediately life-threatening.
B. Dizziness when rising from the bedside: Dizziness can result from the vasodilatory effects of nitroglycerin causing orthostatic hypotension. It is relatively common and usually managed with safety precautions and monitoring rather than immediate reporting.
C. Hypotension with a systolic of 90 mm Hg: A systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg is concerning after nitroglycerin administration, as the drug significantly lowers preload and can precipitate hemodynamic instability. This finding requires prompt HCP notification to prevent complications such as syncope or myocardial underperfusion.
D. Onset of headache after administration: Headache is a well-known and expected side effect of nitroglycerin due to cerebral vasodilation. While uncomfortable, it is generally benign and does not warrant immediate reporting unless it becomes severe or unrelenting.
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