A client is hospitalized for observation after suffering heat exhaustion during a marathon race. He complains of dizziness when he stands up, and the RN determines that he has postural hypotension. Based on the information, which of the following electrolyte imbalances could cause the client's symptoms?

Choice A reason: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone health. The main source of vitamin D is exposure to sunlight, which triggers the skin to produce it. The nurse should advise the client to spend at least 15 minutes outdoors every day, preferably in the morning or evening, when the sun is not too strong. The client should also wear sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent sunburn and skin damage.

Choice B reason: Reducing the amount of cereal in the diet is not a good recommendation for increasing vitamin D intake. Cereal is often fortified with vitamin D and other nutrients, such as iron and folic acid. The nurse should encourage the client to choose cereals that are high in vitamin D and low in sugar and fat. The client should also consume other foods that are rich in vitamin D, such as fatty fish, egg yolks, cheese, and mushrooms.

Choice C reason: Increasing intake of dietary calcium is important for preventing and treating osteoporosis, but it does not directly affect vitamin D intake. Calcium is a mineral that helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth. The nurse should recommend the client to consume foods that are high in calcium, such as dairy products, leafy greens, nuts, and tofu. The client should also take a calcium supplement if needed, as prescribed by the provider.

Choice D reason: Adding a regular exercise routine is beneficial for improving overall health and well-being, but it does not directly influence vitamin D intake. Exercise helps strengthen the muscles and bones, prevent falls and fractures, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The nurse should suggest the client to engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day, three times a week. The client should choose exercises that are appropriate for their age and fitness level, such as walking, swimming, or yoga.

Choice A reason: Cognitive domain of learning involves the mental processes of acquiring, storing, and applying knowledge. It includes skills such as remembering, understanding, analyzing, and evaluating. An example of cognitive learning is the RN asking the client to explain the purpose and effects of his inhaler.

Choice B reason: Affective domain of learning involves the emotional aspects of learning, such as attitudes, values, beliefs, and feelings. It includes skills such as receiving, responding, valuing, and committing. An example of affective learning is the RN asking the client how he feels about using his inhaler.

Choice C reason: Psychomotor domain of learning involves the physical aspects of learning, such as movement, coordination, and manipulation. It includes skills such as imitating, practicing, adapting, and creating. An example of psychomotor learning is the RN asking the client to demonstrate proper use of his inhaler.

Choice D reason: Kinesthetic domain of learning is not a recognized domain of learning, but rather a learning style that refers to the preference of learning by doing or experiencing. Kinesthetic learners tend to learn best by engaging in physical activities, such as hands-on tasks, simulations, and experiments.