A client is hospitalized for observation after suffering heat exhaustion during a marathon race. He complains of dizziness when he stands up, and the RN determines that he has postural hypotension. Based on the information, which of the following electrolyte imbalances could cause the client's symptoms?

Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer because this statement by the client indicates that the client understands the dietary restrictions and guidelines that are necessary after bariatric surgery. A liquid/pureed diet and limited fluid intake are recommended to prevent complications such as nausea, vomiting, dehydration, and dumping syndrome.

Choice B reason: This is the correct answer because this statement by the client indicates that the client does not understand the importance of a thorough evaluation by the surgeon prior to the procedure. Bariatric surgery is a major surgery that involves significant risks and benefits, and requires careful consideration of the client's medical history, physical condition, psychological status, and readiness for lifestyle changes. The surgeon should assess the client's eligibility, suitability, and expectations for the surgery, and provide informed consent and education.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer because this statement by the client indicates that the client understands the basic principles and types of bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery can be classified into restrictive, malabsorptive, or combined procedures, depending on how they affect the size of the stomach and the absorption of food. The most common types of bariatric surgery are gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer because this statement by the client indicates that the client understands the long-term implications and commitments of bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery is not a quick fix or a magic solution for obesity, but rather a tool that helps the client achieve and maintain weight loss and improve health outcomes. The client should be aware that bariatric surgery requires lifelong changes in diet, exercise, medication, supplementation, and follow-up care.

Choice A reason: Fluid volume deficit is a condition in which the body loses more fluid than it gains, resulting in dehydration, hypotension, and electrolyte imbalances. It is not a complication of IV fluid therapy, but rather a reason for initiating it.

Choice B reason: Fluid volume excess is a condition in which the body retains more fluid than it needs, resulting in edema, hypertension, and heart failure. It is a potential complication of IV fluid therapy, especially in older adults who have reduced renal function and cardiac output. The nurse's assessment findings of crackles, shortness of breath, and jugular vein distention are indicative of fluid overload and pulmonary congestion.

Choice C reason: Speed shock is a systemic reaction that occurs when a substance is administered too rapidly into the bloodstream, causing adverse effects such as chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, and cardiac arrest. It is not a complication of IV fluid therapy, but rather a risk associated with IV medication administration.

Choice D reason: Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries by a blood clot, fat, or air, causing impaired gas exchange, chest pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. It is not a complication of IV fluid therapy, but rather a possible outcome of venous thromboembolism, which can be prevented by using anticoagulants and mechanical devices.