A client who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+T-Cell count of less than 200 cells/ul. Based on the diagnostic criteria established by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which statement by the nurse is correct?
“The client meets the criteria for the chronic asymptomatic HIV infection phase”.
“The client meets the criteria for the acute HIV infection phase”.
“The client has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)”.
“The clients CD4+T cell count is within normal range”.
The Correct Answer is C
A. “The client meets the criteria for the chronic asymptomatic HIV infection phase”: The chronic asymptomatic phase, also called the clinical latency stage, occurs when the client has a stable CD4+ count and no opportunistic infections. This client has a severe opportunistic infection and CD4+ count <200, so this does not apply.
B. “The client meets the criteria for the acute HIV infection phase”: The acute infection phase occurs shortly after initial HIV exposure, with flu-like symptoms and high viral replication. This client has advanced disease with opportunistic infection, which is beyond the acute phase.
C. “The client has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)”: AIDS is diagnosed in HIV-positive individuals who have a CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells/µL or develop an opportunistic infection, such as Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia. This client meets both criteria, confirming progression from HIV to AIDS.
D. “The client’s CD4+ T-cell count is within normal range”: A normal CD4+ T-cell count ranges from 500–1,500 cells/µL. This client’s count is below 200 cells/µL, indicating severe immunosuppression.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Calcium level: Calcium gluconate does not lower serum potassium; it stabilizes cardiac cell membranes. Monitoring calcium levels is not the primary method to evaluate its effectiveness in hyperkalemia.
B. Urine volume: While important for overall kidney function, urine output does not reflect the immediate protective effect of calcium gluconate on the heart. It is not an indicator of treatment efficacy for hyperkalemia.
C. Cardiac rhythm: Calcium gluconate is administered to protect the myocardium from the effects of hyperkalemia, particularly life-threatening arrhythmias. Continuous cardiac monitoring is the most direct way to evaluate whether the medication is effective in preventing dysrhythmias.
D. Neurologic status: Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, but calcium gluconate primarily stabilizes cardiac membranes. Changes in neurological status are not the most immediate indicator of effectiveness.
Correct Answer is ["1.6"]
Explanation
Calculation:
- Convert the Ordered Dose from grams (g) to milligrams (mg).
Ordered Dose = 0.4 g
Conversion factor = 1 g = 1,000 mg
Ordered Dose (mg) = 0.4 g x 1,000 mg/g
= 400 mg
- Identify the Available medication:
Ordered Dose (D) = 400 mg
Available Dose (H) = 250 mg
Quantity (Q) = 1 mL
Volume (mL) = (Dose Ordered (D) / Dose Available (H)) x Quantity (Q)
= (400 mg / 250 mg) x 1 mL
= 1.6 x 1 mL
= 1.6 mL
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