A client with hypertension is willing to implement lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure. Which changes would be beneficial in reducing the client's blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)
Limiting physical activity
Giving up smoking cigarettes
Eating canned vegetables daily
Pursuing measures for losing weight
Reducing sodium in the diet
Correct Answer : B,D,E
A. Limiting physical activity: Sedentary behavior is a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Regular aerobic exercise helps lower blood pressure by improving vascular compliance and reducing systemic resistance. Clients should be encouraged to increase, rather than limit, their level of moderate physical activity.
B. Giving up smoking cigarettes: Nicotine causes immediate vasoconstriction and increases heart rate, leading to acute elevations in blood pressure. Long-term smoking damages the arterial walls and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Cessation is one of the most effective lifestyle changes for improving overall vascular health and reducing pressure.
C. Eating canned vegetables daily: Canned foods are typically very high in sodium, which is used as a preservative. High sodium intake leads to water retention and increased blood volume, which raises blood pressure. Clients should be advised to choose fresh or frozen vegetables to minimize their sodium consumption.
D. Pursuing measures for losing weight: Excess body weight increases the workload on the heart and is closely linked to metabolic changes that raise blood pressure. Even a modest reduction in weight can lead to a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic readings. Weight management is a cornerstone of non-pharmacological hypertension treatment.
E. Reducing sodium in the diet: High dietary salt intake triggers the body to retain fluid, increasing the total volume within the vascular system. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day helps lower blood pressure and reduces the risk of stroke. This change directly addresses the fluid-volume component of hypertension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Nitroglycerin: This vasodilator is used to treat anginal chest pain by reducing preload and dilating coronary arteries. It has no role in the management of atrial fibrillation, which is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm. Using a nitrate here would not address the underlying electrical disorganized activity in the atria.
B. Hydrochlorothiazide: As a thiazide diuretic, this medication is used primarily for the long-term management of hypertension and mild fluid retention. It does not possess any antiarrhythmic properties and would not be effective in controlling the ventricular rate. Diuretics are not the standard of care for treating an acute rhythm disturbance on a telemetry strip.
C. Atropine: This anticholinergic agent is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic bradycardia by increasing the heart rate. Atrial fibrillation often requires rate control to prevent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy rather than stimulation of a faster rate. Atropine could potentially worsen the clinical situation by causing a dangerously rapid ventricular response.
D. Warfarin: Atrial fibrillation causes blood to pool in the atria, which significantly increases the risk of mural thrombus formation and subsequent embolic stroke. Anticoagulation is a mandatory component of management to prevent these life-altering thromboembolic complications. Warfarin is a standard oral anticoagulant used to maintain a therapeutic INR in patients with this chronic dysrhythmia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Arterial fibrillation with a rate of 88 beats per minute: Atrial fibrillation with a controlled ventricular response of 88 beats per minute indicates hemodynamic stability. While this rhythm requires long-term management for stroke prevention, it is not an immediate life-threatening emergency. The patient can be monitored while awaiting pharmacological or electrical rate and rhythm control.
B. Ventricular fibrillation: This lethal arrhythmia represents disorganized electrical activity that results in the total loss of cardiac output. Without immediate defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient will progress to biological death within minutes. It is the highest clinical priority in electrocardiographic monitoring and requires an instant emergency response.
C. Sinus tachycardia with a rate of 105 beats per minute: A heart rate of 105 is a mild elevation that may be caused by pain, anxiety, fever, or dehydration. While it requires investigation into the underlying cause, it does not represent an immediate threat to life. It is a physiological response that usually resolves once the primary stressor is addressed.
D. Normal sinus rhythm with a rate of 72 beats per minute: This finding represents a healthy, physiologically normal cardiac rhythm. A rate of 72 falls perfectly within the standard adult range of 60 to 100 beats per minute. No nursing or medical intervention is required for this stable and expected monitoring result.
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