A community health nurse is developing an educational program on substance use disorders for a group of adolescents.
What information should the nurse include when discussing nicotine and smoking.
Withdrawal effects from smoking are minimal.
Smoking is the fifth most preventable cause of death in the United States.
Nicotine is a central nervous system depressant.
Tolerance to nicotine develops quickly.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Nicotine withdrawal effects are typically significant and include irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, and intense craving for nicotine. These symptoms are a major barrier to cessation, making the statement that they are minimal scientifically incorrect, as nicotine is a highly addictive psychoactive substance.
Choice B rationale
Smoking is generally recognized as the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, not the fifth. Smoking causes millions of deaths annually, primarily from cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The fifth leading cause of death is a significantly lower rank than its actual impact.
Choice C rationale
Nicotine acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, not a depressant. It acutely increases heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and increasing the release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which all lead to CNS excitation.
Choice D rationale
Tolerance to nicotine develops quickly and is a hallmark of the addiction process. Rapid and repeated exposure to nicotine causes neuroadaptation, where nicotinic receptors desensitize and upregulate over time, requiring the user to consume increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the desired psychological and physiological effects.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Racism involves prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior. The client's choice to consult a curandero and continue this traditional healing practice is an expression of cultural health beliefs, not an instance of racial discrimination.
Choice B rationale
Cross-cultural nursing refers to providing culturally sensitive, competent care to clients from diverse backgrounds. While the nurse is practicing in this context, this term describes the professional nursing action, not the client's cultural phenomenon of using a folk healer.
Choice C rationale
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own cultural group or way of life is superior or correct, and judging other cultures based on this standard. The client's use of a curandero alongside or instead of Western medicine demonstrates a preference for and continued adherence to their traditional health beliefs and practices.
Choice D rationale
Transcultural bigotry is not a standard, recognized term in cultural health concepts. Bigotry implies obstinate intolerance toward those of a different opinion or group. While negative judgment can occur, the client's behavior is an example of cultural practice, not intolerance or prejudice.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The ANA Code of Ethics emphasizes interprofessional collaboration as essential for comprehensive client care, not self-sufficiency or a lack of dependence. Ethical nursing practice requires mutual respect and sharing of knowledge and expertise among all members of the healthcare team to achieve the best client outcomes.
Choice B rationale
Compassion and respect for the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual is the foundational principle articulated in the very first provision of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses. This core ethical mandate emphasizes the nurse's commitment to delivering care without prejudice, upholding human rights, and protecting the inherent value of all persons.
Choice C rationale
The ANA Code of Ethics clearly states that the nurse's primary commitment is to the patient/client, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population, and not to the healthcare provider, employer, or any other entity. The welfare of the patient supersedes all other loyalties.
Choice D rationale
The ethical obligation of nurses, as outlined in the Code, is centered on promoting and advocating to protect the rights, health, and safety of the patient/client. While collaboration with physicians is vital, the specific and primary advocacy role described in the Code focuses on the vulnerable client population.
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