A community health nurse is providing teaching to clients at an assisted living facility.
Which of the following statements by a client is an example of primary prevention?
"I use a salt substitute instead of salt to keep my heart failure under control.”.
"I got my pneumonia vaccine 2 years ago and get my annual flu shot every fall.”.
"I use my prescribed eye drops twice a day so my glaucoma doesn't get any worse.”.
"I log my blood pressure weekly and take the list to each appointment with my doctor.”.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Salt substitutes, which often contain potassium chloride, are used to manage existing heart failure. This is a form of tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. In this case, the client is trying to control an already diagnosed chronic condition, rather than preventing it from occurring in the first place.
Choice B rationale
The pneumonia vaccine and annual flu shot are classic examples of primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. By receiving these vaccinations, the client is building immunity and preventing the initial onset of pneumonia and influenza, which aligns perfectly with the goals of primary prevention in public health.
Choice C rationale
Using prescribed eye drops for glaucoma is a form of tertiary prevention. Glaucoma is a condition that has already been diagnosed. The use of eye drops is intended to prevent further deterioration of vision and manage the condition's progression, rather than preventing the disease from starting. This action seeks to minimize the long-term impact of a chronic illness.
Choice D rationale
Logging blood pressure and taking the list to a doctor's appointment is a form of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of diseases to prevent them from progressing or becoming more severe. By monitoring blood pressure, the client is actively looking for signs of hypertension, which allows for early intervention and management.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Substance use, particularly alcohol, is a significant risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV). Alcohol consumption can lower inhibitions, impair judgment, and increase aggression, making an individual more likely to perpetrate violence. The correlation is well-documented in research, as it can escalate conflict and reduce a person's ability to control their impulses.
Choice B rationale
While IPV can occur at any age, the risk is not specifically associated with being over 45 years old. Research indicates that young adults and adolescents are often at a higher risk of experiencing IPV. The age of the survivor is not a reliable predictor of the risk of violence, and focusing on this demographic may overlook other vulnerable populations.
Choice C rationale
Intimate partner violence occurs across all socioeconomic strata. Residing in a high-income area does not provide protection against IPV. Studies have shown that perpetrators and survivors can come from any economic background, and financial stability does not mitigate the risk of violence. It is a pervasive issue regardless of income.
Choice D rationale
Intimate partner violence is not specific to any sexual orientation. It is a pervasive issue that affects individuals of all sexual orientations, including heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and transgender relationships. Attributing IPV as a risk factor solely to heterosexual relationships ignores the significant prevalence of violence within the LGBTQ+ community.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A private room is a critical component of a protective environment, also known as reverse or neutropenic isolation. This isolation type is implemented for immunocompromised clients to reduce their exposure to infectious agents. A private room minimizes contact with other patients, visitors, or healthcare personnel who may carry pathogens, thus preventing opportunistic infections.
Choice B rationale
Having the client wear a mask when leaving their room is an essential infection control measure in a protective environment. This is because the mask acts as a physical barrier, filtering out airborne pathogens and preventing the client from inhaling infectious particles. This is crucial for protecting the client from opportunistic infections in areas outside their controlled environment.
Choice C rationale
A plant in a client's room is a source of microorganisms, specifically fungi like aspergillus, which can be found in the soil. These organisms pose a significant risk of opportunistic infections in severely immunocompromised clients. Consequently, plants are contraindicated in a protective environment, and their presence requires immediate intervention by the nurse to ensure client safety.
Choice D rationale
Proper hand hygiene, such as a caregiver washing their hands before entering a client's room, is the most effective method for preventing the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. This practice physically removes or destroys transient microorganisms from the hands, thereby reducing the risk of transmitting pathogens to the immunocompromised client in a protective environment.
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