A hospitalized pre-school boy recovering from surgery refuses to drink fluids. Which intervention is best for the practical nurse (PN) to implement?

Tell the child he can go outside after he drinks a full glass of water.

Make a game of seeing who can finish a glass of water first-the nurse or the child.

Offer the child a popsicle and allow him to pick the flavor he prefers.

Ask the parents to participate in encouraging the child's fluid intake.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Tell the child he can go outside after he drinks a full glass of water: Using a contingent reward may create pressure and resistance in a preschooler. While incentives can motivate, rigid requirements can increase frustration or refusal.

B. Make a game of seeing who can finish a glass of water first—the nurse or the child: Competitive games may encourage drinking but can cause stress or make the child feel rushed. Fluid intake should be encouraged in a positive, low-pressure manner to support cooperation.

C. Offer the child a popsicle and allow him to pick the flavor he prefers: Providing a flavored popsicle is developmentally appropriate, makes hydration appealing, and gives the child a sense of control. This approach increases fluid intake while aligning with the child’s preferences and motivation.

D. Ask the parents to participate in encouraging the child's fluid intake: Parental involvement is supportive and can reinforce encouragement, but the most immediate and effective intervention is offering an appealing, age-appropriate fluid option that the child can independently consume.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Oxygen saturation: Assessing oxygen saturation provides information about respiratory and circulatory efficiency, but dizziness upon standing is more often linked to hemodynamic changes rather than oxygenation issues.

B. Standing blood pressure: Measuring standing blood pressure is most important to assess for orthostatic hypotension, a common cause of dizziness in older adults. A significant drop in blood pressure upon standing indicates impaired vascular response, which increases the risk of falls and injury.

C. Pulse deficit: Evaluating for a pulse deficit helps detect cardiac arrhythmias, but it is not the most relevant initial assessment for postural dizziness. Orthostatic blood pressure changes should be ruled out before exploring other cardiovascular causes.

D. Apical heart rate: While assessing the apical rate can detect irregularities in rhythm, it does not explain dizziness triggered by position changes. Postural blood pressure measurement provides more specific information about the cause of dizziness in this scenario.

A. Pain perception in the cerebral cortex is dulled by the unit's discharge of an electrical stimulus. B. An infusion of medication in the spinal canal will block pain perception. C. A mild electrical stimulus on the skin surface closes the gates of nerve conduction for severe pain. D. The discharge of electricity will distract the client's focus on the pain.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Pain perception in the cerebral cortex is dulled by the unit's discharge of an electrical stimulus: The TENS unit does not directly alter cerebral cortical processing. Its primary effect is at the spinal cord level, modulating pain signals before they reach higher brain centers.

B. An infusion of medication in the spinal canal will block pain perception: This describes epidural or intrathecal analgesia. Medication infusion is an invasive method, whereas TENS is noninvasive and works through electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves.

C. A mild electrical stimulus on the skin surface closes the gates of nerve conduction for severe pain: TENS works based on the gate control theory of pain. The electrical impulses stimulate sensory nerves, which inhibit the transmission of pain signals to the brain, effectively “closing the gate” and reducing perceived pain intensity.

D. The discharge of electricity will distract the client's focus on the pain: While some clients may perceive relief due to distraction, the primary mechanism is physiologic modulation of nerve conduction, not cognitive distraction.

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A hospitalized pre-school boy recovering from surgery refuses to drink fluids. Which intervention is best for the practical nurse (PN) to implement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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