A nurse is assessing a client who has a herniated cervical intervertebral disc. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
Tingling in the arms
Shoulder pain
Muscle spasms
Stiff neck
Low back pain
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
Choice A reason: Tingling in the arms can occur due to nerve compression caused by the herniated disc. This is a common symptom known as radicular pain, which can radiate from the neck down to the arms and hands.
Choice B reason: Shoulder pain is another expected finding, as the nerves affected by a cervical herniated disc can cause pain to radiate into the shoulders.
Choice C reason: Muscle spasms may be a reflexive response to the pain and inflammation caused by the herniated disc, as the body attempts to stabilize the affected area.
Choice D reason: A stiff neck can result from the muscle tension and reduced range of motion due to the pain and inflammation associated with a herniated cervical disc.
Choice E reason: Low back pain is not typically associated with a herniated cervical disc, as cervical discs are located in the neck region. Low back pain would be more indicative of a lumbar spine issue.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect. Synthetic casts typically dry much faster than plaster casts. Plaster casts can take 24 to 48 hours to fully harden, while synthetic casts made from materials like fiberglass or plastic can harden within a few hours.
Choice B reason: This is the correct statement. Synthetic casts are indeed lighter than plaster casts. They are made from materials like fiberglass, which is lighter than the traditional plaster of Paris used in plaster casts.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect. Plaster casts are generally heavier than synthetic casts. The weight of a cast can be an important consideration, especially for children or for those who may have difficulty managing a heavier cast.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect. Both plaster and synthetic casts require specialized equipment for application, but it is not specific to plaster casts. The application involves similar steps for both types, including the use of a stockinette, padding, and then the casting material itself.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Dependent rubor, a reddish coloration of the skin that occurs when the legs are in a dependent position, can be a sign of PAD, indicating poor arterial flow.
Choice B reason: Foot ulcers may occur in individuals with PAD due to poor blood circulation and the inability of sores or injuries to heal properly.
Choice C reason: Rest pain is a symptom of advanced PAD and occurs due to insufficient blood flow to the limbs even at rest, often worsening at night when the legs are elevated.
Choice D reason: Intermittent claudication, characterized by pain and cramping in the legs during exercise that disappears after rest, is a hallmark symptom of PAD and results from inadequate blood flow during increased activity.
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