A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease that affects the metabolism of glucose in the body. Which of the following are risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: This is a correct definition of pathophysiology and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice B reason: This is a correct definition of pathophysiology nursing and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice C reason: This is a correct description of what pathophysiology nursing involves and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect statement that contradicts the text and indicates a need for further teaching.

Choice A reason: This is a correct answer because family history of diabetes is a genetic risk factor that can increase the likelihood of inheriting defects in insulin production or action.

Choice B reason: This is a correct answer because obesity is a modifiable risk factor that can cause insulin resistance, a condition in which cells do not respond properly to insulin and glucose accumulates in the blood.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because smoking is not a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus, although it can worsen its complications such as cardiovascular disease and kidney disease.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect answer because hypertension is not a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus, although it can be associated with it and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Choice E reason: This is a correct answer because physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor that can reduce insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization by muscles, leading to hyperglycemia.