A nurse is caring for a client who has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following outcomes should the nurse include in the treatment plan?

Choice A reason: Identifying when the client engages in splitting behaviors is more relevant to borderline personality disorder than schizoid personality disorder. Splitting is a defense mechanism where individuals fail to integrate positive and negative aspects of self and others into cohesive images. People with schizoid personality disorder typically exhibit detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression, not splitting.

Choice B reason: Giving the client a choice of solitary activities aligns with the characteristics of schizoid personality disorder. Individuals with this disorder often prefer to engage in activities alone, as they feel more comfortable being by themselves than in social situations. Providing options for solitary activities can help meet the client's needs for privacy and personal space while also respecting their autonomy.

Choice C reason: Setting limits on the client's need for constant social contact is not applicable to schizoid personality disorder. In fact, individuals with this disorder typically do not desire social contact and may already isolate themselves. The intervention would be more appropriate for disorders where the individual seeks excessive social interaction.

Choice D reason: Assisting the client in identifying sources of anger may not be a priority in the care of someone with schizoid personality disorder unless there is a specific indication for it. These individuals often do not express emotions openly and may not experience or show anger in the same way as those without the disorder. The focus should be on interventions that respect the client's emotional expression, or lack thereof.

Choice A reason: Telling a client that their experience is not real can be invalidating and may damage the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the client. It is essential to acknowledge the client's experience as real to them and provide support without reinforcing the hallucination.

Choice B reason: While it is important not to reinforce hallucinations, avoiding direct questions about the client's experience can hinder the nurse's ability to assess the client's condition fully. It is better to ask open-ended questions that allow the client to describe their experience without feeling judged.

Choice C reason: Focusing the client on reality-based activities can help distract them from the hallucinations and ground them in the present moment. Activities such as listening to music, engaging in conversation, or participating in a physical activity can help reduce the intensity of hallucinations and provide a sense of control.

Choice D reason: Conveying sympathy for the client's experience is compassionate and can help build trust. However, it is crucial to balance empathy with encouragement to engage in reality-based activities and strategies to manage the hallucinations effectively.