A nurse is caring for a newborn who did not receive vitamin K injection at birth due to parental refusal.
Which of the following signs and symptoms should alert the nurse to a possible vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB)?
Petechiae, ecchymosis, or oozing from puncture sites
Pallor, tachycardia, or poor perfusion
Jaundice, dark urine, or clay-colored stools
Hypoglycemia, lethargy, or jitteriness
The Correct Answer is A
The correct answer is choice A. Petechiae, ecchymosis, or oozing from puncture sites are signs and symptoms of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in newborns. VKDB is a rare form of bleeding disorder that affects newborns and young infants due to low stores of vitamin K at birth. Vitamin K is a substance that our body needs to form clots and to stop bleeding.
Choice B is wrong because pallor, tachycardia, or poor perfusion are signs of anemia or shock, which can have many causes other than VKDB.
Choice C is wrong because jaundice, dark urine, or clay-colored stools are signs of liver disease or biliary obstruction, which can affect vitamin K absorption but are not specific for VKDB.
Choice D is wrong because hypoglycemia, lethargy, or jitteriness are signs of low blood sugar or neonatal abstinence syndrome, which are not related to VKDB.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. This injection will help prevent your baby from developing a bleeding disorder caused by low vitamin K levels.
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver.
Newborns have low levels of vitamin K because it does not cross the placenta well and they have limited gut flora to produce it.
Therefore, they are at risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), which can cause serious and potentially fatal hemorrhages.To prevent VKDB, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a single intramuscular dose of 1 mg of vitamin K to all newborn infants within 6 hours of birth.
Choice B is wrong because vitamin K does not boost the immune system or protect from infections.
Choice C is wrong because vitamin K does not stimulate liver function or metabolism.
Choice D is wrong because vitamin K does not increase appetite or growth.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A.Petechiae, ecchymosis, or oozing from puncture sites are signs and symptoms of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in newborns.VKDB is a rare form of bleeding disorder that affects newborns and young infants due to low stores of vitamin K at birth.Vitamin K is a substance that our body needs to form clots and to stop bleeding.
Choice B is wrong because pallor, tachycardia, or poor perfusion are signs of anemia or shock, which can have many causes other than VKDB.
Choice C is wrong because jaundice, dark urine, or clay-colored stools are signs of liver disease or biliary obstruction, which can affect vitamin K absorption but are not specific for VKDB.
Choice D is wrong because hypoglycemia, lethargy, or jitteriness are signs of low blood sugar or neonatal abstinence syndrome, which are not related to VKDB.
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