A nurse is caring for an infant who just had a circumcision. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Inspect the skin under the boot every 8 hr: Frequent skin assessment is critical for clients in Buck's traction because the traction boot or straps can cause pressure injuries, skin breakdown, or irritation. Checking the skin every 8 hours allows early detection of redness, sores, or areas of compromised circulation and prevents complications associated with prolonged immobility and pressure.

B. Assess the client's peripheral circulation every 12 hr: Peripheral circulation should be assessed more frequently than every 12 hours, typically every 1–2 hours initially, to detect early signs of neurovascular compromise such as cyanosis, pallor, coolness, or numbness. Waiting 12 hours could delay identification of circulation issues that may lead to tissue damage or compartment syndrome.

C. Ensure the weights are resting on the floor: Traction weights must hang freely to maintain proper alignment and effective traction. Allowing the weights to rest on the floor disrupts the pulling force, reducing traction effectiveness, increasing pain, and potentially worsening fracture displacement.

D. Remove the traction to allow the client to use the bathroom: Buck's traction should not be removed for routine activities such as toileting because interrupting traction can cause misalignment, increased pain, and delayed healing. Alternative methods, such as a bedside commode or urinal, should be used while maintaining traction integrity.

Rationale for correct choices

• Pulmonary embolism: The client exhibits sudden onset of dyspnea, chest discomfort, tachypnea, hypoxemia (oxygen saturation 92% on 2 L O₂), and appears in respiratory distress, all of which are classic signs of a pulmonary embolism. Postoperative orthopedic patients, especially after hip arthroplasty, are at high risk due to immobility, venous stasis, and hypercoagulability.

• Recent surgery: The client’s recent total hip arthroplasty increases the risk of thromboembolic events. Surgical procedures, particularly major orthopedic surgeries, create a hypercoagulable state and contribute to venous stasis, which can precipitate a pulmonary embolism.

Rationale for incorrect choices

• Pneumothorax: Pneumothorax typically presents with unilateral chest pain, sudden shortness of breath, and decreased or absent breath sounds on one side. The client’s crackles are bilateral and S3/S4 heart sounds are present, which are not consistent with pneumothorax.

• Pneumonia: Although the client has fever and crackles, the sudden onset of symptoms and acute respiratory distress are more consistent with pulmonary embolism rather than pneumonia, which usually develops gradually. Additionally, the timing shortly after surgery favors a thromboembolic event over an infectious process.

• Tobacco use: The client reports no history of tobacco use, making this an irrelevant risk factor for the current acute episode.

• Activity level: While immobility can contribute to thrombus formation, the client ambulated with assistance earlier, and the more significant risk factor remains recent surgery, which directly predisposes to pulmonary embolism.