A nurse is collecting data from a client who has bipolar disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Post-cesarean pain management includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies to reduce discomfort while promoting mobility and recovery. Movement such as turning, sitting, and ambulating can increase incision-related pain due to abdominal muscle strain and pressure on the surgical site. Nursing interventions focus on supporting the incision, minimizing tension on sutures, and encouraging early mobilization to prevent complications like venous thromboembolism and atelectasis. Effective teaching improves comfort and participation in postoperative care.

Rationale:
A. Advising the client to change positions as little as possible is incorrect because limited mobility increases the risk of complications such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary atelectasis, and delayed healing. Early and frequent position changes are essential after cesarean birth, and pain should be managed to facilitate movement rather than restrict it.

B. Splinting the incision with a pillow during movement is correct because it provides external support to the abdominal incision, reducing tension on the surgical site and decreasing pain during position changes. This technique helps stabilize the area and allows safer, more comfortable mobility after a cesarean birth. It is a commonly recommended nonpharmacological intervention following procedures such as Cesarean section.

C. Applying counterpressure to the back is not appropriate for incision-related pain management after a cesarean birth. This technique is typically used during labor for back pain relief and does not address abdominal surgical discomfort. It does not reduce strain on the incision site during movement.

D. Patterned-paced breathing is primarily used during labor to manage contractions and anxiety. It is not effective for managing postoperative incision pain during position changes. While it may help with relaxation, it does not provide mechanical support or reduce abdominal tension.

Care planning for a client with dementia focuses on maintaining safety, promoting independence, and supporting adequate nutrition while minimizing confusion and frustration. Clients with dementia often experience cognitive decline that affects memory, judgment, and executive functioning, making structured communication and simplified tasks essential. Interventions should enhance the client’s ability to participate in self-care while reducing environmental and cognitive demands. Nutrition is particularly important because these clients are at risk for poor intake due to forgetfulness or difficulty with utensils.

Rationale:
A. Discouraging reminiscence is not appropriate because recalling past experiences can provide comfort and promote engagement in clients with dementia. Reminiscence therapy is often used to stimulate memory and support emotional well-being. Preventing this activity may increase confusion and reduce therapeutic interaction.

B. Encouraging the client to eat meals in their room may increase isolation and reduce social stimulation, which can worsen cognitive decline and appetite. Mealtime in a structured communal setting often promotes better intake and orientation through routine. Social interaction can also enhance engagement and reduce agitation.

C. Limiting directions to three at a time is a useful communication strategy, but it does not directly address nutrition or mealtime safety needs in this question. While simplifying instructions is important, it is not the most appropriate intervention related specifically to improving eating ability and independence.

D. Providing finger foods supports independence and improves nutritional intake by allowing the client to eat without needing complex utensil use. In Dementia, clients often have difficulty with coordination and sequencing tasks, so finger foods make eating easier, safer, and more successful. This intervention directly enhances function and reduces the risk of malnutrition.