A nurse is educating a young adult client about preventative screening. Which of the following preventative screenings should the nurse recommend for the client?
Skin examination with a specialist 1 time annually
Colonoscopy every 3 years
Hearing check every 2 years
Dental cleaning every 6 months
The Correct Answer is D
A. Skin examination with a specialist 1 time annually: Routine annual full-body skin examinations by a dermatologist are generally recommended for adults at higher risk for skin cancer (e.g., fair skin, family history, significant sun exposure). For a young adult with no risk factors, self-examinations and sun protection are prioritized over formal annual specialist visits.
B. Colonoscopy every 3 years: Colonoscopy screening is generally recommended starting at age 45 for average-risk adults, with intervals of 10 years if no pathology is found. For a young adult, colonoscopy every 3 years is not indicated unless there are specific risk factors such as familial adenomatous polyposis or early-onset colorectal cancer history.
C. Hearing check every 2 years: Routine hearing assessments are typically not recommended for healthy young adults unless there is evidence of hearing loss, occupational risk, or exposure to loud noise. Standard preventive guidelines prioritize other screenings for this age group.
D. Dental cleaning every 6 months: Regular dental visits every 6 months for cleaning and oral health assessment are recommended for young adults. Preventive dental care helps reduce the risk of caries, periodontal disease, and other oral health complications, making it a key routine screening and maintenance practice for this population.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Monitor vital signs every hour throughout the transfusion: Vital signs should be monitored more frequently, typically before the transfusion, 15 minutes after initiation, and periodically throughout, rather than only every hour. Hourly monitoring alone may delay recognition of transfusion reactions, which often occur early in the infusion.
B. Use a 20-gauge IV catheter to transfuse the blood: A 20-gauge or larger IV catheter is recommended for packed RBC transfusions to allow unobstructed flow and prevent hemolysis of red blood cells. Smaller catheters increase the risk of mechanical damage to the cells and slow the transfusion, which may be problematic in clients requiring rapid correction of anemia.
C. Infuse the transfusion over 5 hr: Packed RBCs should typically be infused within 2–4 hours to reduce the risk of bacterial growth and maintain efficacy. Infusing over 5 hours exceeds the recommended time and increases infection risk.
D. Hang the transfusion with dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride: Blood products should only be administered with 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline). Dextrose-containing solutions can cause hemolysis of RBCs and should be avoided during transfusion.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Heart rate 120/min: Tachycardia can be a nonspecific response to pain, anxiety, or dehydration in a toddler. While it may accompany compartment syndrome due to pain or hypoperfusion, it is not a definitive early sign of increased compartment pressure.
B. Bounding radial pulse: A bounding pulse indicates strong blood flow and is inconsistent with the compromised circulation seen in compartment syndrome. In this condition, pulses distal to the affected area are often diminished or absent due to increased pressure within the fascial compartment.
C. Respiratory rate 28/min: This respiratory rate is within the normal range for a toddler and is not a reliable indicator of compartment syndrome. Respiratory changes are typically not part of the early clinical manifestations of this localized limb emergency.
D. Weak hand grip: A weak or decreased hand grip is an early sign of neuromuscular compromise associated with compartment syndrome. Increased pressure within the casted compartment can impair circulation and nerve function, leading to motor deficits such as weakness, numbness, or tingling in the affected extremity.
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