A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an infant diagnosed with cerebral palsy about possible causes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in their teaching? (Select all that apply)
Certain genetic disorders that affect muscles are the most common cause of cerebral palsy.
A lack of oxygen to the fetus during development is a cause of cerebral palsy.
A poor diet during pregnancy can result in a baby being born having cerebral palsy.
Trauma to the baby during birth is a major risk factor in cerebral palsy.
Premature babies are at a higher risk of developing cerebral palsy.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Choice A reason: Genetic disorders affecting muscles, like muscular dystrophy, are distinct from cerebral palsy, which results from brain injury. Cerebral palsy is caused by perinatal brain damage, not inherited muscle disorders, making this statement incorrect as a primary cause of the condition.
Choice B reason: Lack of oxygen to the fetus, or perinatal hypoxia, damages developing brain tissue, causing cerebral palsy. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy disrupts motor control areas, leading to movement and posture impairments, a well-established cause of this neurological condition in infants.
Choice C reason: Poor diet during pregnancy is not a direct cause of cerebral palsy. While malnutrition may affect fetal development, cerebral palsy is primarily linked to brain injury from hypoxia, trauma, or infection, not dietary deficiencies, making this statement inaccurate.
Choice D reason: Birth trauma, such as prolonged labor or forceps use, can cause brain injury leading to cerebral palsy. Physical trauma disrupts motor control regions, resulting in permanent neurological deficits, making this a significant risk factor for the condition in newborns.
Choice E reason: Premature babies are at higher risk for cerebral palsy due to underdeveloped brains vulnerable to hypoxia, hemorrhage, or infection. Preterm birth increases the likelihood of periventricular leukomalacia, damaging motor pathways, a key contributor to cerebral palsy’s neurological impairments.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive genetic disorder causing muscle degeneration, not improvement with age. Mutations in the dystrophin gene lead to worsening muscle weakness, respiratory, and cardiac complications, requiring supportive care as the condition deteriorates over time, making this statement incorrect.
Choice B reason: Speech and vision impairments are not primary features of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which primarily affects skeletal and cardiac muscles. While motor limitations may indirectly affect communication, the condition does not typically impair sensory functions like vision or speech articulation directly.
Choice C reason: Cognitive impairment, seen in some Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients due to dystrophin absence in the brain, can improve with intensive therapy. Cognitive interventions and educational support enhance learning and adaptive skills, addressing deficits in memory or processing, improving quality of life and functional outcomes.
Choice D reason: Mobility concerns arise in childhood, not adulthood, in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Progressive muscle weakness leads to loss of ambulation by adolescence due to dystrophin deficiency, causing early mobility limitations, wheelchair dependency, and the need for physical therapy to maintain function.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Removing the traction boot during baths disrupts Buck extension traction, used to stabilize the femoral head in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Continuous traction maintains alignment, and removal risks joint displacement, delaying healing of the avascular necrosis affecting the femoral head.
Choice B reason: Repositioning every 2 hours prevents pressure ulcers and maintains circulation in a child in Buck traction for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Regular movement within traction limits reduces skin breakdown and promotes comfort, supporting healing of the femoral head by maintaining proper positioning.
Choice C reason: Antibiotic ointment is used for skeletal traction with pins, not Buck extension traction, which uses skin traction. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease treatment does not involve pins, making this action irrelevant, as there are no pin sites to manage for infection prevention.
Choice D reason: Reducing fluid intake is inappropriate, as adequate hydration supports circulation and healing in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Dehydration risks urinary and cardiovascular complications, hindering recovery from avascular necrosis, making this action counterproductive to the child’s overall health and treatment.
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