A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection about the prescribed antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. The nurse instructs the client to avoid taking the medication with dairy products.
The client asks, “Why do I have to avoid dairy products?” What is the best response by the nurse?

This means that less of the drug will get into your bloodstream and it may not work as well to treat your infection.According to one source, dairy products can reduce the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by 30 to 36 percent and the peak concentration by 36 percent.

Choice A is wrong because dairy products do not increase the risk of kidney stones with this medication.

There is no evidence to support this claim.

Choice C is wrong because dairy products do not cause allergic reactions with this medication.

Allergic reactions are possible with any medication, but they are not related to dairy products.

Choice D is wrong because dairy products do not interfere with the metabolism of this medication in your liver.

Ciprofloxacin is mainly eliminated by the kidneys, not the liver.

To avoid this interaction, you should take ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after dairy products.

This is because antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis are most effective against bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, which is characteristic of gram-positive bacteria.Peptidoglycan is a polymer of glycan and peptides that gives the cell wall its strength and rigidity.Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis, such as β-lactams and glycopeptides, prevent the formation or cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer, resulting in cell wall defects and bacterial lysis.

Choice B is wrong becauseGram-negative bacteria is wrong because gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that protects them from antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.Some gram-negative bacteria also have efflux pumps or β-lactamases that can expel or degrade these antibiotics.

Choice C is wrong becauseAnaerobic bacteria is wrong because anaerobic bacteria can be either gram-positive or gram-negative, and their susceptibility to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis depends on their cell wall structure and resistance mechanisms.

Choice D is wrong becauseAtypical bacteria is wrong because atypical bacteria are bacteria that lack a cell wall, such as Mycoplasma and Chlamydia.These bacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis, as they do not have a peptidoglycan layer to target.