A nurse is teaching a group of middle-aged adult patients about early detection of colorectal cancer.
The nurse should include the American Cancer Society recommendation that men and women beginning at age 50 who are at average risk should have a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and a colonoscopy at which of the following intervals?
Two years.
One year.
Five years.
Ten years.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
The recommendation for average-risk individuals beginning at age 50 is not to have a fecal occult blood test and a colonoscopy every two years. This interval is less frequent than recommended for some screening methods, but not the standard for the combination of these two tests as per the American Cancer Society. A shorter interval may be indicated for individuals with increased risk factors.
Choice B rationale
The recommendation is not for annual fecal occult blood tests combined with a colonoscopy every year. While a fecal occult blood test is often recommended annually, a colonoscopy is a more invasive and resource-intensive procedure and is not recommended on a yearly basis for average-risk individuals. A yearly colonoscopy is typically reserved for high-risk patients.
Choice C rationale
The recommendation is not to have a fecal occult blood test and a colonoscopy every five years for average-risk individuals. While a colonoscopy alone can be done every five years if a flexible sigmoidoscopy is performed at the same time, the standard recommendation for colonoscopy is less frequent for average-risk individuals, as specified by major health organizations.
Choice D rationale
The American Cancer Society recommends that average-risk individuals beginning at age 50 have a colonoscopy every 10 years and a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually. These guidelines are based on large-scale population studies and clinical data showing that this screening interval is effective for detecting early-stage colorectal cancer and precancerous polyps, improving patient outcomes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A turkey, lettuce, and whole-grain bread sandwich is high in fiber, which can worsen the symptoms of an acute diverticulitis flare. During a flare-up, the inflamed diverticula need time to heal, and a high-fiber diet can increase stool bulk and pressure within the colon, exacerbating pain and inflammation. The recommended diet for an acute flare is low-fiber or clear liquids to rest the bowel.
Choice B rationale
Chicken soup broth, gelatin, and a clear sports drink constitute a clear liquid diet, which is the appropriate dietary management for an acute diverticulitis flare. This diet provides hydration and some electrolytes without introducing fiber or solid food, which allows the inflamed bowel to rest and begin the healing process. This selection indicates a correct understanding of the teaching provided by the nurse.
Choice C rationale
A spinach salad with low-fat dressing is high in insoluble fiber. During an acute diverticulitis flare, a high-fiber diet can worsen the inflammation and symptoms by increasing bulk and pressure in the colon. This can lead to increased pain and discomfort and potentially complicate the condition. This food choice is not appropriate and indicates a misunderstanding of the teaching.
Choice D rationale
Oatmeal is a high-fiber food that should be avoided during an acute diverticulitis flare. High-fiber foods can increase bowel motility and pressure in the inflamed colon, which can worsen abdominal pain, cramping, and inflammation. A low-fiber or clear liquid diet is necessary to allow the bowel to rest and recover, and oatmeal is not suitable for this purpose.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is the most critical intervention for preventing long-term microvascular complications like retinopathy and nephropathy. Chronic hyperglycemia damages the small blood vessels in the retina and glomeruli of the kidneys. Stable glycemic control minimizes this vascular damage, preserving visual acuity and renal function over time.
Choice B rationale
Daily foot examinations are crucial for preventing complications like diabetic neuropathy and ulcers, which can lead to infection and amputation. While important for overall diabetes management, this specific action is not directly related to preventing the microvascular damage in the eyes (retinopathy) and kidneys (nephropathy).
Choice C rationale
Wearing compression stockings is primarily indicated for managing conditions like chronic venous insufficiency or peripheral edema. This action is not a primary intervention for preventing the microvascular damage that causes retinopathy and nephropathy. The long-term complications of diabetes mellitus are linked to glycemic control.
Choice D rationale
An annual eye examination is a critical component of monitoring for the progression of retinopathy, but it is not a preventive measure. The exam detects existing damage. The instruction to prevent the development or worsening of retinopathy and nephropathy is to maintain stable blood glucose, which addresses the underlying cause of the vascular damage.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.