- A nurse on the general medical-surgical unit is caring for a client in shock and assesses the following:
Respiratory rate: 10 breaths/min
Pulse: 136 beats/min
Blood pressure: 92/78 mm Hg
Level of consciousness: responds to voice
Temperature: 101.5° F (38.5° C)
Urine output for the last 2 hours: 40 mL/hr. What action by the nurse is best?
Call the Rapid Response Team.
Transfer the client to the Intensive Care Unit.
Continue monitoring every 30 minutes.
Notify the unit charge nurse immediately.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Call the Rapid Response Team is correct because the client is exhibiting life-threatening signs of deterioration. A respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute indicates bradypnea, which can lead to hypoxia and respiratory failure if not addressed immediately. The tachycardia (pulse 136) reflects the body’s attempt to compensate for hypotension and maintain perfusion. A blood pressure of 92/78 mm Hg is borderline low and may worsen, leading to inadequate organ perfusion. The altered level of consciousness, responding only to voice, suggests decreased cerebral perfusion, a critical warning sign. These findings collectively indicate the client is in early to moderate shock and requires immediate bedside evaluation and intervention to prevent progression to irreversible shock. The Rapid Response Team brings skilled personnel and resources to stabilize the client quickly, including interventions such as airway support, intravenous fluids, and medication administration.
B. Transfer the client to the Intensive Care Unit is incorrect because while ICU care may ultimately be necessary, immediate stabilization is the priority. Rapid Response activation allows critical interventions to occur at the bedside before transfer, reducing the risk of further deterioration during transport.
C. Continue monitoring every 30 minutes is incorrect because the client’s current vital signs indicate acute instability. Waiting 30 minutes could result in respiratory failure, shock progression, or cardiac arrest. Continuous monitoring alone is insufficient.
D. Notify the unit charge nurse immediately is incorrect because while the charge nurse should be informed, this action does not ensure prompt bedside intervention by personnel trained to manage acute life-threatening changes. The Rapid Response Team is the recommended mechanism for urgent evaluation and treatment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Amyloidosiscan affect the lungs or heart and may contribute to respiratory failure, but this is generally considered a pulmonary or systemic diseasecausing intrapulmonary problems rather than an extrapulmonary cause of ventilatory failure.
B. Pneumothoraxis a pulmonary causeof respiratory failure. It directly impairs lung expansion and gas exchange by causing air to accumulate in the pleural space.
C. Pulmonary edemais another pulmonary causeof respiratory failure. It occurs due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli, impairing oxygenation and ventilation.
D. Opioid analgesic overdoseis an extrapulmonary cause of ventilatory failure. Opioids depress the central nervous system, particularly the medullary respiratory centers, leading to hypoventilation, decreased tidal volume, and elevated arterial CO₂ (hypercapnia). This is a classic example of ventilatory failure caused by a neurologic or pharmacologic extrapulmonary issue, rather than intrinsic lung disease.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Risk for Injury related to seizuresis correct because delirium tremens (DTs) is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal and can include life-threatening complicationssuch as seizures, severe autonomic hyperactivity, and cardiovascular instability. Injury from seizures or falls is an immediate risk, making it the priority nursing diagnosis. In nursing, life-threatening risks take precedenceover psychosocial or less acute concerns.
B. Risk for Situational Low Self-esteem related to police custodyis incorrect because while psychosocial issues may be relevant, they are not immediately life-threatening. The priority in DTs is stabilizing physical health and preventing injury.
C. Risk for Nutritional Deficit related to chronic alcohol abuseis incorrect because although malnutrition is common in chronic alcohol users, this is a long-term risk, not the acute priority during DTs, where safety and seizure preventioncome first.
D. Risk for Other-Directed Violence related to hallucinationsis incorrect because although hyperactivity and hallucinations can lead to agitation, the risk of physical injury from seizures is more urgentand potentially fatal. Behavioral management is important but secondary to preventing life-threatening complications.
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