A patient is diagnosed with a brain abscess and is being prepared for treatment. The nurse is reviewing the patient's medical history. Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to the development of a brain abscess in this patient?
History of chronic hypertension.
History of migraines.
Recent tick removal.
Recent head trauma with a skull fracture.
The Correct Answer is D
A. History of chronic hypertension: While chronic hypertension can contribute to cerebrovascular disease, it is not a direct risk factor for developing a brain abscess. Brain abscesses typically arise from infectious sources rather than vascular conditions alone.
B. History of migraines: Migraines are a neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent headaches and vascular changes, but they do not predispose a patient to intracranial infections or abscess formation.
C. Recent tick removal: Ticks can transmit certain infections such as Lyme disease or tick-borne encephalitis, but these rarely lead directly to localized brain abscess formation. Tick removal alone is not a significant risk factor for bacterial brain abscess.
D. Recent head trauma with a skull fracture: Trauma that results in a skull fracture can create a direct pathway for bacteria to enter the brain tissue, increasing the risk of abscess formation. Open fractures, sinus involvement, or penetrating injuries provide a source for infection, making this the most significant contributing factor in the development of a brain abscess.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperkalemia: Acute kidney injury (AKI) impairs renal excretion of potassium, leading to dangerous elevations in serum potassium. IV regular insulin with glucose shifts potassium into cells temporarily, lowering serum levels. Sodium bicarbonate can also drive potassium intracellularly by correcting acidosis, and IV calcium gluconate stabilizes cardiac membranes to reduce the risk of arrhythmias. These interventions target the life-threatening hyperkalemia.
B. Hypocalcemia: Hypocalcemia is a potential complication of AKI due to phosphate retention, but calcium gluconate alone treats the cardiac effects, not the underlying cause. Insulin, glucose, and sodium bicarbonate are not used to correct low calcium levels.
C. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia is not a typical complication of AKI; IV insulin in this context is used for potassium management, not glucose control. The glucose administered alongside insulin prevents hypoglycemia during potassium shifting.
D. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia is not commonly associated with AKI. The glucose given is preventive during insulin administration to shift potassium into cells, rather than treatment of existing low blood sugar.
Correct Answer is ["2.0"]
Explanation
Ordered Dose: 8,000 units
Available Concentration: 4,000 units/mL
Calculate the volume to administer
Volume to administer = Ordered Dose ÷ Concentration
Volume to administer = 8,000 ÷ 4,000
= 2.0 mL
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