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A patient tests positive for HIV.

Exhibits

Which statements should the nurse include in the patient's education? Select 3 responses.

These medications should keep the viral load suppressed

There are no side effects of ART.

Headache, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia are known side effects of these medications.

We will measure the effectiveness of ART by measuring CD4+T cell counts

Take ART with antiacids to ensure they do not upset the stomach

ART medications will cause wasting syndrome.

ART causes insomnia, so it should be taken at night

If you miss a dose of medication, take two of that pill as soon as you think of it.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. These medications should keep the viral load suppressed: ART medications like dolutegravir and lamivudine are designed to reduce the HIV viral load, preventing disease progression and transmission.

B. There are no side effects of ART: This is incorrect as ART can have side effects like gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches, and fatigue that need to be managed.

C. Headache, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia are known side effects of these medications: Common side effects of ART include gastrointestinal issues and headaches, which can be managed with supportive care.

D. We will measure the effectiveness of ART by measuring CD4+T cell counts: CD4+T cell count is a key indicator of immune function and is used to monitor ART effectiveness in HIV treatment.

E. Take ART with antacids to ensure they do not upset the stomach: Antacids can interfere with ART absorption, especially dolutegravir, making it less effective.

F. ART medications will cause wasting syndrome: Wasting syndrome occurs in advanced, untreated HIV, not from ART, which helps improve nutritional status and immune function.

G. ART causes insomnia, so it should be taken at night: Not all ART medications cause insomnia. The timing of ART should follow provider instructions and is not based on insomnia concerns.

H. If you miss a dose of medication, take two of that pill as soon as you think of it: Doubling doses after a missed dose can increase side effects and resistance. Patients should follow specific instructions for missed doses.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Cardiac dysrhythmia: Zidovudine is not commonly associated with cardiac dysrhythmias. While some antiretroviral medications can have cardiovascular effects, cardiac dysrhythmia is not a significant or common adverse effect of zidovudine.

B. Renal failure: Renal failure is not a primary adverse effect of zidovudine. Although certain antiretroviral medications can impact kidney function, zidovudine is generally not associated with renal failure.

C. Aplastic anemia: Zidovudine can cause bone marrow suppression, which may lead to conditions like aplastic anemia. This is a known and serious adverse effect, and the nurse should monitor the client for signs of anemia, such as fatigue, pallor, and low hemoglobin levels.

D. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis is not a typical adverse effect of zidovudine. Zidovudine is more commonly associated with hematologic side effects like anemia and neutropenia, rather than metabolic disturbances such as alkalosis.

A. Hypermagnesemia B. Capillary leak C. Loss of protein D. Diuresis E. Decreased plasma volume

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Hypermagnesemia: Hypermagnesemia is not typically seen in burn patients. More commonly, patients may experience imbalances in electrolytes such as sodium or potassium. Hypermagnesemia is not directly associated with burns or their complications.

B. Capillary leak: In the immediate aftermath of a severe burn, the damage to the capillaries leads to a capillary leak, where plasma, proteins, and electrolytes seep out of the vessels and into the interstitial space. This results in edema and a significant reduction in circulating blood volume.

C. Loss of protein: Burn injuries, especially those affecting a large body surface area, cause significant loss of proteins (mainly albumin) due to the breakdown of the skin and increased capillary permeability. This loss of protein contributes to the development of edema and hypovolemic shock.

D. Diuresis: Diuresis does not typically occur in the immediate post-burn period. During the first 24-48 hours, oliguriaoccurs due to hypovolemia and kidney perfusion problems. Diuresis occurs after fluid resuscitation has been successful and fluid begins to shift back from the interstitial space into the vascular system.

E. Decreased plasma volume: A reduction in plasma volume is a critical concern in burn patients due to fluid and protein loss from the damaged blood vessels. This leads to hypovolemia, which requires aggressive fluid resuscitation to prevent shock and organ failure.

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A patient tests positive for HIV. Exhibits Which statements should the nurse include in the patient's education? Select 3 responses.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV-1 infection and is prescribed zidovudine as part of antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has burns to approximately 50% of their body. Which of the following physiological changes related to the burns should the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

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A patient tests positive for HIV.

Exhibits

Which statements should the nurse include in the patient's education? Select 3 responses.