A patient with Parkinson's Disease has slow movements that affects their swallowing, facial expressions, and ability to coordinate movements As the nurse you will document the patient has:
"Freeze up"
Pill-rolling
Akinesia
Bradykinesia
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Freezing episodes can occur in Parkinson’s disease, often described as the patient suddenly being unable to initiate movement, but this term is not used to describe the overall slowness of movement that affects swallowing, facial expression, and general coordination. Freezing is episodic, not a global slowing of movement.
B. Pill-rolling refers to the classic resting tremor seen in Parkinson’s disease, where the patient appears to roll a small object between their thumb and forefinger. This tremor does not explain slow movement or reduced facial expression.
C. Akinesia refers to an absence of movement or difficulty initiating movement. While related to Parkinson’s symptoms, it does not describe the slowed execution of movement that affects multiple functions, such as swallowing and facial expression.
D. Bradykinesia is the hallmark motor feature of Parkinson’s disease. It refers to the generalized slowness of voluntary movements, including decreased facial expression (hypomimia), slow swallowing, reduced arm swing, difficulty initiating movement, and decreased coordination. It significantly impairs daily functioning and is one of the primary diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["16"]
Explanation
Step 1: Determine the concentration of the IV bag
125 units ÷ 250 mL = 0.5 units/mL
Step 2: Use the formula to calculate mL/hr
mL/hr = Desired units ÷ Concentration
mL/hr = 8 ÷ 0.5 = 16 mL/hr
Final Answer: 16 mL/hr
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets specific brain areas, most commonly the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus, to modulate abnormal neuronal activity. The primary goal of DBS in Parkinson’s disease is to reduce motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia when medications are insufficient or cause significant side effects. A noticeable reduction in these symptoms indicates effective treatment.
B. DBS primarily affects motor pathways, not autonomic regulation. While transient cardiovascular changes may occur during surgery, persistent hypertension or tachycardia is not a desired outcome and may indicate complications rather than therapeutic benefit.
C. Although improved comfort and activity may indirectly enhance sleep or appetite, these are secondary outcomes. DBS is not designed to treat non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances or appetite changes, so improvement in these areas does not confirm the primary efficacy of the therapy.
D. Speech issues in Parkinson’s disease, such as hypophonia or monotone speech, are less reliably improved by DBS. In some cases, DBS may even worsen speech due to stimulation parameters or target selection. Therefore, improved speech clarity is not a definitive indicator of treatment effectiveness.
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