A pregnant client is scheduled for an anatomy scan. When is this typically performed?
10-13 weeks
8-10 weeks
28-32 weeks
18-22 weeks
The Correct Answer is D
The mid-trimester anatomy survey is a detailed sonographic evaluation of fetal biometry and organ systems. It is timed to ensure that structures like the heart, brain, and spine are sufficiently developed for structural screening. This scan identifies congenital anomalies and placental positioning accurately.
A. 10-13 weeks: This window is typically reserved for first-trimester screening, including nuchal translucency measurement and early dating. Many internal organs are still too small for a comprehensive anatomical assessment at this stage. It is too early for a formal anatomy survey.
B. 8-10 weeks: Ultrasound at this stage is primarily used for viability confirmation and determining the number of fetuses. Embryonic development is not yet complete enough to visualize complex cardiac or neural defects. This period precedes the standard screening timeline for anatomy.
C. 28-32 weeks: Scans during the third trimester focus on fetal growth, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal well-being via biophysical profiles. While anatomy can still be seen, the increased bone density and larger fetal size can make visualization difficult. It is performed after the ideal screening window.
D. 18-22 weeks: This is the optimal period for a thorough anatomical evaluation because the fetus is large enough for clear visualization of all organs. Most major structural defects can be identified during this specific timeframe. It is the gold standard for routine obstetric anatomy screening.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The Papanicolaou (Pap) test involves a cytological evaluation of cells collected from the transformation zone of the cervix. This procedure identifies cervical dysplasia or cellular atypia caused by persistent high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Early detection of precancerous lesions, such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, allows for curative intervention before malignancy develops.
A. "It measures hormones.": Hormonal assays for estrogen or progesterone are typically performed via serum blood tests or specific endometrial biopsies rather than a Pap smear. A cytological smear focuses on cellular morphology rather than endocrine concentrations. It cannot diagnose menopause or other hormonal imbalances.
B. "It detects pregnancy.": Pregnancy is diagnosed by measuring human chorionic gonadotropin levels in urine or blood, or through ultrasonography. While hormonal changes of pregnancy can affect the appearance of cervical cells, a Pap smear is not a diagnostic tool for gestation. It has no role in obstetric confirmation.
C. "It checks ovulation.": Ovulation is monitored using basal body temperature charts, urinary luteinizing hormone kits, or follicular ultrasound. Cervical mucus changes can provide clues to fertility, but the laboratory analysis of a Pap smear is designed to identify malignant transformations. It does not track the ovulatory cycle.
D. "It screens for cervical cancer.": The primary clinical utility is the identification of squamous cell carcinoma or its precursors. By scraping the ectocervix and endocervix, clinicians can detect abnormal cells early. Regular screening significantly reduces maternal mortality associated with invasive cervical malignancies.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Tubal ligation is a surgical sterilization technique that involves the bilateral occlusion, cauterization, or excision of the fallopian tubes. This creates a mechanical barrier that prevents the ascension of sperm to the ampulla. By interrupting the pathway, the procedure effectively prevents fertilization of the ovum.
A. "Tubal ligation removes the uterus.": This statement incorrectly describes a hysterectomy. Tubal ligation leaves the uterus intact, and the client will continue to have menstrual cycles. The procedure only targets the conduits between the ovaries and the uterine cavity.
B. "Tubal ligation blocks the fallopian tubes.": This is the accurate anatomical description of the procedure. By ligating or clipping the tubes, the ovum cannot meet the sperm. It is the most common method of permanent contraception for women globally.
C. "Tubal ligation stops ovulation.": Unlike hormonal contraceptives, tubal ligation does not interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The ovaries continue to release an egg every month. The egg is simply absorbed by the peritoneal cavity since it cannot travel.
D. "Tubal ligation changes the hormones.": The procedure does not involve the removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy), so estrogen and progesterone levels remain unchanged. Clients do not experience premature menopause or hormonal shifts. Physical secondary sex characteristics are fully maintained.
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