A teenage male refuses to wear the clothes his mother bought for him.
He states he wants to look like the other kids at school and wear the types of clothes they wear.
The nurse explains that this is related to internal conflicts of which of the following?
Trust versus mistrust.
Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Identity versus role confusion.
Initiative versus inferiority.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Trust versus mistrust is the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development, occurring from birth to about 18 months. Successful completion results in confidence and security, while failure leads to anxiety and mistrust of the world. This stage is not relevant to the adolescent's struggle for social acceptance and self-image among peers.
Choice B rationale
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is Erikson's second stage, typically seen in the toddler period (18 months to 3 years). This stage focuses on gaining independence in basic self-care activities, such as toilet training and walking. The conflict is centered on self-control and the ability to act on one's own, which differs from the adolescent need for peer identity.
Choice C rationale
Identity versus role confusion is Erikson's fifth stage, which is the central developmental task of adolescence. During this stage, the teenager is trying to figure out "who they are" and where they fit in the world, often through experimentation with different roles, values, and peer groups. The desire to dress like others reflects the search for a sense of belonging and a unified self-concept.
Choice D rationale
Initiative versus inferiority is Erikson's fourth stage, usually seen in school-age children (6 to 12 years). This stage focuses on developing a sense of competence and pride in schoolwork and other activities, comparing their abilities with peers. While peer interaction is important, the core conflict is about competence and achievement, not the broader self-identity search seen in the teenage years.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Explaining food choices appropriate to the prescribed diet is important for health education and adherence to a treatment plan. However, this action primarily addresses physiological needs and compliance. While it involves the client, it does not specifically promote an adolescent's sense of identity or provide external stimulation vital for a person in this developmental stage, which heavily relies on peer interaction for self-definition and engagement.
Choice B rationale
Planning activities around scheduled rest periods supports physical recovery and compliance with medical necessity for rest. This intervention addresses energy conservation and the physiological needs of the chronically ill client. However, it does not actively encourage social interaction, personal expression, or engagement with the outside world, all of which are critical components for maintaining the sense of self and developmental needs of an adolescent.
Choice C rationale
Encouraging communicating with friends through social media is the most effective way to maintain stimulation and support the adolescent's sense of identity. Adolescents derive their self-concept heavily from peer interaction and social networking. Facilitating this contact reduces feelings of isolation, maintains social roles, and allows them to participate in their normal developmental tasks, thus bolstering their identity and emotional well-being despite hospitalization.
Choice D rationale
Teaching the name and indications for use of all medications is a key component of client education and fosters autonomy and compliance. While knowing about their treatment plan empowers the client, this task is focused primarily on health literacy and adherence. It does not provide the external stimulation or peer connection that is fundamentally necessary for an adolescent to sustain their identity and mitigate the psychological toll of chronic illness and hospitalization.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, systemic hypersensitivity reaction (Type I) to an antigen, such as insect venom, characterized by rapid onset of symptoms like generalized itching, vomiting, and, most critically, respiratory distress due to laryngeal edema or bronchospasm.
Choice B rationale
An autoimmune response occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy tissues, which is a chronic process and is not the acute, immediate reaction observed after an external trigger like an insect sting.
Choice C rationale
Immunodeficiency refers to a state where the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases or cancer is compromised, which increases susceptibility to infections but does not describe the acute allergic reaction to an external substance.
Choice D rationale
Active immunity is the long-term protection developed by the body's own immune system following exposure to an antigen or through vaccination, and it describes the state of immune protection, not the acute hypersensitivity reaction experienced by the child.
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