A woman is concerned about her honeymoon trip to South America because she is trying to get pregnant.
What is the best response by the nurse?
You should delay pregnancy for two years if you go.
There are no concerns as we can treat Zika virus with antibiotics if you do get exposed.
You would be at risk for fetal harm if you contracted Zika virus and got pregnant.
You will be fine. Stay away from mosquitoes if you can.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Delaying pregnancy for two years is an overly restrictive recommendation and not scientifically supported as a universal precaution for Zika exposure. While a waiting period is advised after potential exposure, a blanket two-year delay is excessive and not aligned with current public health guidelines, which typically suggest shorter intervals depending on the specific exposure and gender.
Choice B rationale
Zika virus is a viral infection, not bacterial. Therefore, antibiotics, which target bacterial pathogens by inhibiting their growth or killing them, would be ineffective in treating Zika virus. Antivirals are sometimes used for viral infections, but there is no specific antiviral treatment for Zika virus, and management is primarily supportive.
Choice C rationale
Zika virus infection during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, is causally linked to severe birth defects, most notably microcephaly, a condition characterized by an abnormally small head and incomplete brain development. The virus can cross the placental barrier and directly damage fetal neural progenitor cells, disrupting normal neurodevelopment.
Choice D rationale
While avoiding mosquitoes is crucial for preventing Zika virus transmission, simply stating "you will be fine" is a highly irresponsible and scientifically inaccurate response. It minimizes the serious risks associated with Zika infection during pregnancy and fails to provide adequate information or appropriate precautions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Condoms, both male and female, act as a physical barrier, preventing the exchange of bodily fluids containing infectious agents during sexual intercourse. This mechanical obstruction effectively blocks the transmission of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms responsible for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.
Choice B rationale
Progestin-only pills (POPs) primarily work by thickening cervical mucus, inhibiting ovulation in some users, and thinning the endometrial lining to prevent pregnancy. However, they offer no physical barrier protection and therefore do not prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections or HIV, as they do not block pathogen exchange.
Choice C rationale
The copper IUD (Paragard) is a long-acting reversible contraceptive that prevents pregnancy by causing a local inflammatory reaction in the uterus, making it toxic to sperm and eggs. While highly effective at preventing conception, it does not provide any barrier protection against the transmission of sexually transmitted infections or HIV.
Choice D rationale
Spermicide is a chemical contraceptive that immobilizes or kills sperm, preventing fertilization. It does not create a physical barrier to block the transmission of pathogens. In fact, some spermicides, particularly those containing nonoxynol-9, can irritate the vaginal lining, potentially increasing susceptibility to certain sexually transmitted infections.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, meaning it affects individuals regardless of their sex. The inheritance pattern of autosomal recessive traits dictates that both males and females have an equal probability of inheriting the two recessive alleles required for the expression of the disease. Therefore, gender has no bearing on the likelihood of a child being affected by PKU.
Choice B rationale
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder. When both parents are carriers, each child has a 25% chance of inheriting two copies of the recessive gene (one from each parent) and therefore being affected by PKU. This probability applies independently to each pregnancy, regardless of the genetic status of previous children.
Choice C rationale
While consulting a doctor is generally good advice, this response does not provide the specific genetic information the parents need regarding the probability of their next child being affected by PKU. It avoids addressing the core question about the inheritance pattern and recurrence risk for an autosomal recessive disorder.
Choice D rationale
This response is misleading and scientifically inaccurate. The odds of having an affected child do not change with subsequent pregnancies for autosomal recessive disorders. Each pregnancy represents an independent event with the same 25% chance of the child inheriting PKU if both parents are carriers.
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