According to Piaget, one basic concept that a child will learn during the first year is that:
He cannot be fooled by changing shapes
Most procedures can be reversed
His parents are not perfect
He is separate from his parents
The Correct Answer is D
A. He cannot be fooled by changing shapes: This concept relates to Piaget’s idea of conservation, which develops later in childhood, typically around age 7 or older. During the first year, infants are not yet able to understand that changing shapes do not alter the properties of objects.
B. Most procedures can be reversed: The ability to understand reversibility of actions is part of Piaget's concrete operational stage, which occurs later in childhood, around age 7 to 11. In the first year, infants are still developing foundational cognitive skills like object permanence.
C. His parents are not perfect: While infants do begin to develop attachments to their caregivers, the understanding that parents are not perfect is a more complex idea that develops later in childhood, typically during the preoperational stage (around age 2 to 7).
D. He is separate from his parents: According to Piaget, during the sensorimotor stage (which includes the first year of life), infants begin to develop a sense of self and recognize that they are separate from their parents. This concept is foundational to the development of object permanence and personal identity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A reactive test: Two accelerations are visible: one around 15:08 and another near 15:12. Each shows a rise of at least 15 bpm above baseline, lasting ≥15 seconds (1.5 small boxes). This satisfies the definition of a reactive NST, indicating adequate fetal oxygenation and neurologic status.
B. A positive test: This term applies to a contraction stress test (CST), not a nonstress test. A "positive CST" refers to late decelerations following uterine contractions, which is not relevant to this scenario.
C. A negative test: Also a CST term, a negative CST indicates no late decelerations with contractions. In the context of an NST, “negative” is not standard terminology hence not applicable.
D. A non-reactive test: A non-reactive NST shows no qualifying accelerations over a 20-minute period. The strip here clearly shows two accelerations meeting both amplitude and duration criteria, so this option is incorrect.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Epilepsy: Smoking during pregnancy is not linked to epilepsy in the newborn. Epilepsy is typically associated with genetic or neurological factors rather than maternal smoking.
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition and is not directly associated with smoking during pregnancy. Smoking can increase the risk of gestational diabetes, but not Type 1 diabetes.
C. Growth restriction: Smoking during pregnancy is a major risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The toxins in cigarettes can reduce blood flow to the placenta, limiting the oxygen and nutrients available to the fetus, which can result in smaller-than-expected growth.
D. Hearing loss: While maternal smoking can increase the risk of preterm birth and other complications, it is not a direct cause of hearing loss in newborns. Hearing loss is more commonly linked to genetic factors or infections.
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