An unconscious patient is brought to the emergency department and intubated after respiratory arrest. The patient has a regular pulse. The patient's spouse suspects an opioid overdose but does not know which drug may have been taken. The nurse will anticipate giving which medication or performing which treatment?
Gastric lavage
Naloxone
Activated charcoal
Flumazenil
The Correct Answer is B
A. Gastric lavage: Gastric lavage is rarely used and is only indicated shortly after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening oral toxin. In this scenario, the patient is already unconscious with respiratory arrest, and the timing and unknown drug make lavage less effective and potentially risky.
B. Naloxone: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose. Administering it can restore adequate ventilation and consciousness in patients with suspected opioid toxicity. It is the first-line treatment in emergency settings for opioid-induced respiratory compromise.
C. Activated charcoal: Activated charcoal can bind certain ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, but it is ineffective for opioids that have already been absorbed or for patients who are unconscious and intubated. Its use is limited in this acute scenario.
D. Flumazenil: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine effects, not opioids. Administering it would not improve respiratory depression caused by an opioid overdose and could precipitate seizures in patients with chronic benzodiazepine use. It is not indicated in this situation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "I will monitor my pulse rate while I am taking the medication.": Levothyroxine increases metabolic activity and can raise heart rate, so monitoring for tachycardia helps detect early signs of excess dosing. Patients can identify palpitations, irregular beats, or sustained elevations in pulse that may signal the need for dosage adjustment.
B. "I will be able to stop taking the medication when my symptoms improve.": Levothyroxine is a lifelong therapy for most patients because it replaces a hormone the thyroid can no longer produce adequately. Stopping the medication would allow hypothyroid symptoms to return and may lead to complications such as fatigue and bradycardia.
C. "I will probably gain some weight while I am taking this medication.": Levothyroxine tends to increase metabolic rate and often leads to mild weight loss rather than weight gain when dosed appropriately. Weight gain may indicate under-replacement or disease progression rather than a drug effect.
D. "I will take the medication every night at bedtime.": Levothyroxine is best taken in the morning on an empty stomach because food and other medications can interfere with its absorption. Taking it at night may expose it to variable food intake and decrease its effectiveness.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Orthostatic hypotension: Simvastatin does not typically affect blood pressure or cause orthostatic changes. Monitoring for hypotension is not a priority with this medication, as its mechanism focuses on lipid metabolism rather than vascular tone.
B. Blurred vision: Visual disturbances are not commonly associated with simvastatin use. While any new symptoms should be assessed, blurred vision is unlikely to be a direct adverse effect of statin therapy.
C. Urinary retention: Simvastatin does not affect bladder function or urinary output. Urinary retention is not a recognized complication and would warrant evaluation for other underlying causes.
D. Muscle weakness: Muscle pain or weakness (myopathy) is a known adverse effect of simvastatin. It can range from mild discomfort to severe rhabdomyolysis. Monitoring for muscle symptoms is essential to prevent serious complications and ensure medication safety.
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