Based on annual physical assessments, an older adult female's blood pressure readings have changed from 120/82 to 155/86 mm Hg over the past two years. The practical nurse (PN) should recognize which factors in the client's history are likely to be associated with this finding? (Select all that apply.)
History of diabetes mellitus.
Hyperlipidemia.
Leads an aerobics class.
Increase in age.
Body mass index of 22.
Correct Answer : A,B,D
A. History of diabetes mellitus: Diabetes contributes to vascular damage and decreased arterial elasticity, which can elevate blood pressure over time. Poor glucose control increases atherosclerotic risk, making hypertension more likely in older adults.
B. Hyperlipidemia: Elevated lipid levels promote plaque formation within arterial walls, reducing vessel flexibility and increasing systemic vascular resistance. This process contributes to the gradual development of hypertension.
C. Leads an aerobics class: Regular aerobic exercise typically improves cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure and enhancing vessel elasticity. This lifestyle factor would more likely protect against hypertension rather than cause it.
D. Increase in age: Aging naturally causes vascular stiffening and decreased arterial compliance, leading to higher systolic blood pressure. This physiological change is a major risk factor for developing hypertension in older adults.
E. Body mass index of 22: A BMI within the normal range (18.5–24.9) indicates a healthy weight, which generally supports normal blood pressure. Obesity, not a normal BMI, is a key contributor to hypertension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Observe the progression of the seizure: Monitoring the duration, type of movements, and body areas involved provides essential information for evaluating the seizure and planning treatment. Accurate observation helps guide postictal assessment and physician reporting.
B. Hold the extremities close to the body: Restricting movement during a seizure can cause musculoskeletal injury or increase agitation. The PN should instead ensure the child’s safety by allowing free movement within a protected area.
C. Pad the side rails with pillows: Padding the side rails prevents injury from hitting hard surfaces during convulsions. It is a standard safety measure when caring for clients at risk for seizures.
D. Insert a tongue blade between the teeth: Forcing any object into the mouth during a seizure can cause oral trauma, broken teeth, or airway obstruction. Nothing should be inserted into the child’s mouth while seizing.
E. Loosen clothing around the neck: Loosening tight clothing helps maintain airway patency and reduces the risk of restricted breathing during seizure activity.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Document that the Buck's traction is being maintained: The weights are hanging freely and the rope is properly aligned on the pulley, indicating that Buck’s traction is functioning as prescribed. Accurate documentation confirms the traction setup is effective and the client’s treatment is being properly maintained.
B. Adjust the traction rope so it is free from the pulley: The rope should remain on the pulley to maintain continuous traction. Adjusting it unnecessarily could disrupt alignment, alter the amount of force applied, and compromise immobilization of the affected limb.
C. Place the weights on blocks to increase their stability: Weights should never rest on any surface, as doing so removes the continuous pulling force required for effective traction. Interfering with the weights’ free-hanging position can reduce traction effectiveness and cause complications.
D. Contact the orthopedic technician to adjust the traction: Since the traction setup is correct, there is no need to call for adjustment. The PN should continue to monitor the system for alignment, tension, and client comfort, documenting findings as part of routine care.
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