Causes of delirium include all of the following except:

Prescription drugs, untreated pain,

Dehydration, dementia, stress, infection

Unfamiliar environment

Over the counter medications, stable environment, no change in health status

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Rationale:
A. Prescription drugs, untreated pain is incorrect because certain medications (e.g., sedatives, opioids, anticholinergics) and untreated pain are well-known contributors to delirium. These factors can affect neurotransmitter balance and precipitate acute cognitive changes.

B. Dehydration, dementia, stress, infection is incorrect because fluid and electrolyte imbalances, pre-existing cognitive impairment, physiologic stress, and infections are all common triggers for delirium, particularly in older adults or critically ill patients.

C. Unfamiliar environment is incorrect because environmental changes, sensory overload or deprivation, and disorientation can precipitate delirium, especially in hospitalized or ICU patients.

D. Over-the-counter medications, stable environment, no change in health status is correct because in the absence of physiological or pharmacological stressors, delirium is unlikely to occur. A stable environment and no changes in health status do not contribute to delirium, and typical over-the-counter medications taken safely rarely induce acute cognitive changes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. This option is incorrect because ICU psychosis, more accurately referred to as ICU delirium, is a well-recognized and documented condition in critically ill patients. It is characterized by acute changes in cognition, attention, and level of consciousness due to factors such as illness severity, medications, sleep deprivation, and environmental stressors.

B. This option is incorrect because although symptoms may improve after transfer out of the ICU, ICU delirium does not always resolve immediately upon discharge. Many patients continue to experience cognitive disturbances for days or weeks afterward.

C. This option is incorrect because ICU psychosis does not typically last only a few hours. While symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day, the condition generally persists for several days rather than resolving quickly.

D. 1–7 days but can persist for months/years is correct because ICU psychosis commonly lasts several days during critical illness, but research shows that cognitive impairment may persist long-term in some patients, especially older adults or those with severe illness, leading to prolonged or even permanent cognitive deficits.

A. involves subcutaneous tissue with white or charred skin B. involves epidermis and dermis, appears moist with blister C. involves all layers of skin and may be painless due to nerve damage D. involves only the epidermis and appears red and painful without blister

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Burns involving subcutaneous tissue with white or charred skin describe third-degree burns, which extend through all layers of the skin and underlying tissues. These burns may be painless due to nerve destruction.

B. Burns that involve both the epidermis and dermis with moisture and blisters describe second-degree (partial-thickness) burns. These are typically more severe than first-degree burns and often require more intensive wound care.

C. Burns that involve all layers of skin and may be painless due to nerve damage also describe third-degree (full-thickness) burns, not first-degree burns.

D. First-degree burns involve only the epidermis, presenting as red, dry, and painful skin without blisters. Sunburn is a classic example. These burns usually heal within 3–6 days without scarring, and pain is due to intact nerve endings in the epidermis.

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Causes of delirium include all of the following except:

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ICU psychosis lasts about how many days?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

You are a nurse working in an outpatient clinic. A 22-year-old female arrives after spending the entire day at the beach without sun protection. She complains of red, painful skin on her shoulders and upper back Which of the following best describes a first-degree burn?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What does the nurse identify as the most common cause of acute kidney injury in a critically ill patient?

The RN is to calculate gtt/min to transfuse one unit (300 ml) of Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC) over two hours using blood tubing that has a drop factor of 10. How many gtts/min will be infused?

The charge nurse is supervising care for a group of patients monitored with a variety of invasive hemodynamic devices. Which patient should the charge nurse evaluate first?

The nurse is caring for a patient whose ventilator settings include 15 cm H2O of positive end- expiratory pressure (PEEP). The nurse understands that although beneficial. PEEP may result in:

The nurse has a patient on mechanical ventilation and the pulmonologist wants the patient to receive 10 breaths/min from the ventilator but wants to encourage the patient to breathe spontaneously in between the mechanical breaths at his own tidal volume. What is this mode of ventilation called?

What does the nurse state as the most common intrarenal cause of acute kidney injury?