Characteristics of bullying include:

Unintentional harm inflicted on another person that is part of the socialization process in childhood

The infliction of repetitive physical, verbal, or emotional abuse on another person with intent to harm

An attempt to gain acceptance and be liked by same-sex peers

An early sign of a severely disturbed personality disorder that escalates in adulthood

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Bullying refers to intentional, repeated aggressive behavior that involves a power imbalance between the bully and the victim. It can be physical, verbal, emotional, or social, and typically occurs in school-aged children. Bullying negatively affects both the victim’s and the perpetrator’s emotional development, academic success, and mental health. Early recognition and intervention are key.

Rationale for correct answer:

2. This definition aligns with the widely accepted criteria for bullying: intentional, repetitive, and involving an imbalance of power. Whether through name-calling, exclusion, hitting, or cyber aggression, the behavior aims to intimidate or hurt another child over time.

Rationale for incorrect answers:

1. Unintentional harm may occur during normal play or social learning, but it does not qualify as bullying, which must be deliberate and repeated.

3. While peer dynamics can influence bullying, it is not primarily a strategy for social inclusion. In fact, bullying is often an attempt to dominate or control, not to be accepted.

4. Bullying can be a sign of emotional or behavioral issues, but it is not diagnostic of a personality disorder. Not all children who bully develop psychiatric disorders later in life.

Take home points

Bullying is intentional, repeated, and harmful behavior involving a power imbalance.
It can be physical, verbal, social, or emotional in nature.
Bullying is not a normal part of social development and should always be addressed early.
Nurses, teachers, and caregivers must identify signs of bullying, support victims, and guide bullies toward healthier social behavior.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Injury prevention and disease prevention are both important components of well-child care. Nurses must assess behaviors that could lead to cumulative health risks, such as sun exposure, and provide anticipatory guidance to promote long-term wellness. Proper protective behaviors reduce risk for both accidental injuries and preventable diseases such as skin cancer.

Rationale for correct answer:

1. Applying sunscreen every 4 hours is inadequate protection during prolonged sun exposure. The child and parents should be educated on applying broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen at least every 2 hours and after water exposure. Early education supports lifelong skin health and reduces the risk of melanoma and sun damage.

Rationale for incorrect answers:

2. Sitting in the backseat in a car restraint system is an appropriate safety measure for an 11-year-old and does not indicate the need for additional education at this time.

3. Wearing proper body and head protection while rollerblading is a positive safety behavior, indicating that no immediate safety intervention is necessary.

4. Using 2 oven mitts and being assisted by a parent during oven use demonstrates adequate supervision and precaution, which is developmentally appropriate and safe.

Take home points

Disease prevention education should be provided when current practices are insufficient or incomplete, even if partially protective.
Sun safety is a key area of education during well-child visits due to the cumulative effects of UV exposure.
Reinforce protective behaviors (helmets, seat belts, adult supervision) and correct any gaps in disease prevention practices.
Nurses should use well-child visits to guide families toward evidence-based safety and prevention behaviors.

A. Learning from repeating tasks B. Developing a sense of worth and competence C. Using fantasy and magical thinking to cope with problems D. Developing a sense of trust

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory outlines a series of developmental stages that individuals progress through across the lifespan. For school-age children, the relevant stage is Industry vs. Inferiority. The main developmental task during this stage is to develop a sense of competence and self-worth through success in school, sports, hobbies, and peer interactions.

Rationale for correct answer:

2. Developing a sense of worth and competence directly reflects the successful resolution of the Industry vs. Inferiority stage, in which children gain confidence in their ability to be productive and valued contributors in school and social settings.

Rationale for incorrect answers:

2. When school-age children experience support and success, they develop industry, which means they feel capable, confident, and valued. This sense of competence promotes positive self-esteem and motivation, key indicators of healthy psychosocial development at this age.

Rationale for incorrect answers:

1. While repetition can support skill-building, this alone does not reflect Erikson’s psychosocial resolution. Without a sense of mastery or competence, repetition does not necessarily foster development.

3. Using fantasy and magical thinking to cope with problems is more characteristic of preschool-age children in Erikson’s Initiative vs. Guilt stage and reflects immature coping strategies, not appropriate for school-age development.

4. Developing a sense of trust belongs to the Trust vs. Mistrust stage, which occurs in infancy (birth to 1 year). It is not the relevant developmental task for a school-age child.

Take home points

School-age children (6–12 years) are in Erikson’s Industry vs. Inferiority stage.
Success and encouragement lead to a sense of worth and competence, the desired outcome of this stage.
Failure without support can lead to feelings of inferiority, negatively impacting self-esteem.
Nurses and caregivers can promote healthy development by providing praise, responsibility, and opportunities to succeed.

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Characteristics of bullying include:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During a well-child visit, the nurse asks the parents and their 11-year-old child about safety issues. In which of the following situations should the nurse provide disease prevention education?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The successful resolution of developmental tasks for the school-age child, according to Erikson, would be identified by:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following cognitive abilities typically emerge during Piaget's concrete operational stage? Select all that apply

Which activities will promote weight loss in an obese school-age child? Select all that apply

The nurse is assessing a 12-year-old boy during a well-child clinic visit. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to see?

A nurse is providing health promotion education to the parent of a 6-year-old child during a well-child clinic visit. Which of the following statements by the parent would indicate that further teaching is needed?

As the school nurse conducting screening for vision in a 6-year-old child, you would refer the child to a specialist if the visual acuity in both eyes is:

A nurse is interviewing a group of 4th grade children. It would be appropriate for the nurse to diagnose the child who made which of the following statements as at “Risk for Altered Coping related to poor psychosocial development”?

In terms of social development, the school-age child does which of the following? Select all that apply

A child’s 3rd grade teacher informs the parents, “Your child’s handwriting is quite poor. It is important that your child practice skills that might improve the handwriting.” Which of the following activities could the parents encourage the child to perform? Select all that apply