Convert 4:38 am to military time.

Choice A rationale

"The patient refused breakfast after vomiting 200 mL green emesis" is objective data. Vomiting and the amount and color of emesis are observable and measurable facts that can be directly assessed by the nurse.

Choice B rationale

"The patient reports having sharp, burning pain with urination" is subjective data. Pain is a symptom experienced and described by the patient; it cannot be objectively measured or directly observed by the nurse. The description of the pain (sharp, burning) is the patient's personal perception.

Choice C rationale

"The patient's catheter drained 400 mL of urine during the last 8 hours" is objective data. The amount of urine output via a catheter is a measurable quantity that the nurse can directly observe and record.

Choice D rationale

"The patient complains of extreme nausea upon awakening" is subjective data. Nausea is a feeling reported by the patient and is a subjective experience. The intensity ("extreme") is also based on the patient's personal perception.

Choice A rationale

Signing on with a password authenticates the user and allows them to enter information, but it does not prevent someone with the same password or unauthorized access from altering previously entered data. Passwords control who can access the system, not what they can do once logged in.

Choice B rationale

Charting in privacy ensures confidentiality while the nurse is documenting, preventing unauthorized individuals from viewing the information as it is being entered. However, it does not prevent authorized users from later altering the data.

Choice C rationale

Logging off the electronic documentation system after each entry is crucial for preventing unauthorized access and alterations. Once logged off, the nurse's session is closed, requiring a new login to make any changes, thus ensuring accountability for each entry.

Choice D rationale

Charting in code or using abbreviations can help maintain patient privacy to some extent but does not inherently prevent alteration of the information once it has been entered into the system. Codes can be understood by those with access. \