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Exhibits

Heart sounds are loudest for Sl at the

and for S2 at the

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"B"}

  • S1 (First Heart Sound): S1, often referred to as the "lub" sound, is loudest at the apex of the heart. This is because the apex, located at the bottom of the heart, is where the mitral and tricuspid valves close. The apex is generally found in the left fifth intercostal space, medial to the midclavicular line.
  • S2 (Second Heart Sound): S2, known as the "dub" sound, is loudest at the base of the heart. The base, located at the top of the heart, is where the aortic and pulmonic valves close. This location is where the sound of the closing of these valves is best heard, typically around the second intercostal space along the left and right sternal borders.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Rebound tenderness is typically associated with peritoneal irritation and is not expected in pyelonephritis. It is more commonly observed in conditions like appendicitis or peritonitis.
B. Sharp, severe pain upon percussion of the costovertebral angle (CVA) is a hallmark sign of pyelonephritis, indicating inflammation or infection in the kidneys. This response, known as CVA tenderness, is a key diagnostic indicator of this condition.
C. An audible thud without pain would be considered a normal finding and does not suggest the presence of pyelonephritis or other kidney-related issues. The absence of pain would likely rule out significant kidney inflammation.
D. Rigidity and firmness are typically associated with muscle guarding or abdominal wall tension rather than kidney involvement. This finding would not be expected in the context of pyelonephritis.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A recent Candida infection could affect the nails, but it typically causes nail thickening and discoloration rather than brittle, concave nails.
B. Diabetes mellitus can lead to various nail changes, including thickening and yellowing, but it is not commonly associated with brittle, concave nails.
C. Coronary heart disease may cause changes in the nails due to poor circulation, but it is not specifically linked to brittle, concave nails.
D. Iron deficiency anemia is commonly associated with brittle, concave nails, a condition known as koilonychia. This nail abnormality is a classic sign of iron deficiency and warrants further investigation.

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