Expressive aphasia refers to:
difficulty with learning and reading.
an inability to speak or difficulty forming words.
repetitive hand and eye movements when speaking.
an inability to understand what others are saying.
The Correct Answer is B
A. difficulty with learning and reading.: These deficits are more specifically categorized as learning disabilities or alexia. While language-based, they do not describe the specific motoric failure of speech production. Expressive aphasia is a distinct neurological impairment of output.
B. an inability to speak or difficulty forming words.: This condition, often termed Broca's aphasia, involves a breakdown in the motor programming of speech. Patients exhibit non-fluent, effortful speech while generally retaining their ability to understand others. It is caused by frontal lobe damage.
C. repetitive hand and eye movements when speaking.: These motor behaviors are more characteristic of tics or stereotypies seen in certain neurodevelopmental disorders. They are not a component of the linguistic deficit defined as aphasia. Aphasia is strictly a language processing disorder.
D. an inability to understand what others are saying.: This describes receptive aphasia, which is localized to the temporal lobe. In this state, the primary deficit is in the decoding and comprehension of linguistic signals. It is functionally distinct from expressive output failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. chordae tendineae pull the heart valve tightly closed. : These collagenous tendons function to prevent eversion of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular systole. Excessive tension prevents regurgitation rather than causing the displacement seen in prolapse. This mechanism maintains normal valvular competence under high pressure.
B. a blood clot blocks the heart valve leaflets. : Thrombus formation on the endocardial surface of a valve is defined as a vegetation or embolism. This mechanical obstruction interferes with laminar blood flow or causes valvular stenosis. It does not describe the structural bulging of the leaflets.
C. heart valve leaflets become floppy and bulge backward. : Myxomatous degeneration weakens the connective tissue of the valve leaflets, causing them to move into the atrium during contraction. This redundant tissue leads to superior displacement beyond the annular plane. This is the hallmark anatomical feature of prolapse.
D. the heart valve becomes stiff and cannot open. : This condition is medically defined as valvular stenosis, where calcification or fibrosis limits leaflet mobility. It results in narrowed orifices and increased pressure gradients across the valve. This represents a failure of opening, the opposite of prolapse.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Angina: This term describes paroxysmal chest pain caused by transient myocardial ischemia due to an imbalance in oxygen supply. It is a cardiovascular symptom unrelated to the act of deglutition. It typically occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress.
B. Aphasia: This is a neurological impairment of language processing that affects the ability to speak, write, or understand words. It results from damage to the cerebral cortex, such as Broca's or Wernicke's areas. It does not involve mechanical swallowing dysfunction.
C. Dyspnea: This is the subjective sensation of breathing discomfort or shortness of breath. It is associated with primary pulmonary or cardiac disorders affecting gas exchange or ventilation. It involves the respiratory system rather than the upper digestive tract.
D. Dysphagia: This is the medical term for impairment in the movement of a bolus from the mouth to the stomach. It can be oropharyngeal or esophageal in origin and may result from structural or neuromuscular disorders. It specifically denotes swallowing difficulty.
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