How are humans first colonized by microbes?
During adolescence
Through diet only
After age 5
At birth
The Correct Answer is D
A. During adolescence: Microbial communities continue to change during adolescence, but initial colonization occurs much earlier.
B. Through diet only: Diet is a major route of microbial exposure, but initial colonization also occurs via maternal transfer and the birth process.
C. After age 5: By age 5 the microbiome has already been established and is undergoing maturation, not initial colonization.
D. At birth: Humans acquire their first major microbial colonization at birth (exposure to maternal microbiota during delivery and shortly after).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ectoderm: The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system (including the brain and spinal cord) and epidermis.
B. Endoderm: The endoderm forms internal linings of the gut and associated organs (e.g., liver, lungs), not primary nervous tissue.
C. Mesoderm: The mesoderm produces muscle, bone, and the circulatory system, among other structures.
D. Epithelium: Epithelium is a tissue type, not a germ layer; epithelial tissues arise from one or more germ layers.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Carbohydrate: Carbohydrates (especially glucose) are the primary and most readily used fuel for many cellular processes.
B. Protein: Proteins can be used for energy in starvation or specific metabolic states, but their main roles are structural and functional (enzymes, transport, signalling).
C. Lipid: Lipids are dense energy stores and important in membranes, but carbohydrates are typically the main immediate energy source.
D. Nucleic acid: Nucleic acids store genetic information and are not a principal energy source for routine cellular metabolism.
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