If you take a piece of white bread and chew it slowly for a long period of time, the flavor will become very sweet. This is due to the starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars that trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown?
Pepsin
Mucus
Salivary amylase
Bicarbonate ions
The Correct Answer is C
A. Pepsin: pepsin is a stomach protease that digests proteins, not starch.
B. Mucus: mucus lubricates and protects tissues but does not chemically digest starch.
C. Salivary amylase: salivary amylase (ptyalin) begins starch digestion in the mouth, producing maltose/oligosaccharides that taste sweet.
D. Bicarbonate ions: bicarbonate neutralizes acid but does not break down starch.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Thyroid cartilage: Thyroid cartilage is a laryngeal cartilage (Adam’s apple), not the opening between the cords
B. Cricoid cartilage: Cricoid cartilage is a ring below the thyroid cartilage, not the opening between vocal cords
C. Alveoli: Alveoli are air sacs in the lungs, unrelated to vocal cord anatomy
D. Glottis: The glottis is the opening between the true vocal cords
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Phagocytosis: phagocytosis is mainly an innate immune function (macrophages, neutrophils) though phagocytes can interact with adaptive immunity.
B. Production of antibodies: antibody production by plasma cells (B-cell derived) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response.
C. Production of interferon: interferons are part of innate antiviral defenses and are produced early by infected cells and immune cells.
D. Production of defensins: defensins are innate antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils, not a specific adaptive response.
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