In patients with cystic fibrosis, why is it important to administer pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks?
To enhance the patient's immune response.
To increase the patient's blood glucose levels.
To prevent dehydration.
To assist in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The Correct Answer is D
Cystic fibrosis management requires knowledge of exocrine gland dysfunction and the resulting obstruction of pancreatic ducts. Understanding how thick mucus prevents enzyme delivery to the duodenum is essential to explain the necessity of replacement therapy for digestive function.
Choice A rationale
Pancreatic enzymes serve a strictly metabolic and digestive function within the gastrointestinal tract. They do not have a direct physiological mechanism to enhance the immune system or alter the body's white blood cell response to infections in cystic fibrosis.
Choice B rationale
Cystic fibrosis related diabetes occurs due to pancreatic scarring affecting insulin production. Exogenous pancreatic enzymes assist in breaking down macronutrients but do not function to increase blood glucose levels; they manage malabsorption rather than endocrine hormonal balance or secretion.
Choice C rationale
Dehydration in cystic fibrosis is primarily managed through fluid and electrolyte replacement, especially sodium. While malabsorption can cause steatorrhea, the primary role of enzymes is nutrient breakdown rather than maintaining systemic hydration or preventing excessive fluid loss from tissues.
Choice D rationale
In cystic fibrosis, thick mucus blocks the release of lipase, protease, and amylase. Administering these enzymes with food ensures they are present in the duodenum to catalyze the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, facilitating essential nutrient absorption.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Management of infective endocarditis involves strict adherence to prophylactic protocols. This scenario requires an understanding of American Heart Association guidelines regarding antibiotic administration. Knowledge of the specific procedures that trigger high-risk bacteremia is necessary to provide accurate education to patients and families.
Choice A rationale
Endocarditis is a bacterial infection of the endothelial lining, not a viral respiratory illness. Flu season does not dictate the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis. Prevention is focused on preventing bacteremia during invasive procedures that disrupt mucosal surfaces.
Choice B rationale
Daily antibiotic use is not recommended for endocarditis prophylaxis because it increases the risk of antibiotic resistance. Continuous administration does not provide targeted protection against the transient bacteremia caused by specific invasive medical or dental manipulations.
Choice C rationale
Children with certain congenital heart defects, especially those with prosthetic valves or unrepaired cyanotic lesions, are at the highest risk. Claiming prophylaxis is unnecessary is scientifically incorrect and places the patient at risk for sepsis.
Choice D rationale
Current guidelines specify that high-risk patients require prophylaxis only before procedures involving manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth. This targeted approach prevents Streptococcus viridans from entering the bloodstream and colonizing heart valves..
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Understanding acyanotic congenital heart defects involves recognizing conditions where oxygenated blood recirculates through the lungs. The nurse must apply knowledge of how abnormal openings or narrowings create turbulent blood flow, which is detected through specific physical assessment findings like murmurs.
Choice A rationale
Acyanotic defects, such as VSD or ASD, involve left-to-right shunting that creates audible turbulence. This turbulence is manifested as a heart murmur, which is often the first clinical sign found during a routine physical examination of the child.
Choice B rationale
Cyanosis is the hallmark of cyanotic heart defects where deoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation. In acyanotic defects, systemic oxygen saturation remains within the normal range of 95.
Choice C rationale
Severe hypoxia is characteristic of right-to-left shunts where pulmonary blood flow is obstructed or bypassed. Patients with acyanotic defects usually maintain adequate systemic oxygen levels and do not exhibit the severe respiratory distress associated with profound hypoxia.
Choice D rationale
Peripheral edema is a sign of congestive heart failure, which can eventually occur as a complication of acyanotic defects. However, it is not an immediate or common initial sign of the congenital defect itself in many pediatric cases.
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