Order Maslow's hierarchy of needs from most basic to highest level.
Physiologic, Safety, Love and belonging, Self-esteem, Self-actualization.
Safety, Physiologic, Love and belonging, Self-esteem, Self-actualization.
Self-actualization, Self-esteem, Love and belonging, Safety, Physiologic.
Physiologic, Love and belonging, Safety, Self-actualization, Self-esteem.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
This sequence correctly follows the foundational hierarchy where physiological needs like oxygen, water, and food are prioritized first. Once physical survival is ensured, safety and security become the next focus. Subsequent levels involve social love and belonging, followed by self-esteem through achievement. The pinnacle is self-actualization, representing the fulfillment of one potential. This structured progression ensures that basic human survival requirements are addressed before higher-level psychological or self-fulfillment needs are pursued by the individual.
Choice B rationale
Starting with safety is scientifically incorrect because physiological needs are the most basic requirements for human survival. Without addressing oxygenation, nutrition, and elimination, an individual cannot survive long enough to worry about physical or environmental safety. The body requires homeostatic balance, typically measured by vital signs like a heart rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute, before higher-order security needs can be prioritized. Therefore, placing safety before physiological needs violates the fundamental biological order of the hierarchy.
Choice C rationale
This choice incorrectly reverses the hierarchy, placing self-actualization at the bottom. In clinical practice and psychology, self-actualization is the ultimate goal achieved only after all subordinate needs are met. Reversing this order suggests that a person would seek personal growth while lacking basic oxygen or safety, which is biologically impossible. Effective nursing care must prioritize life-sustaining interventions first. Reversing the pyramid fails to recognize that lower-level needs act as the essential foundation for any higher-level development.
Choice D rationale
Placing love and belonging before safety is incorrect because a person must feel secure in their environment before they can focus on social relationships. Safety needs include protection from harm and stability, which are more immediate than the need for friendship or intimacy. In a medical setting, ensuring a client is safe from falls or injury takes precedence over facilitating social interactions. This sequence disrupts the logical progression from physical security to psychological connection, which is necessary for healthy development.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Rectal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by the passage of hard, dry stools. While they are a common finding in individuals suffering from constipation, they are considered a complication or a clinical sign of the condition rather than a normal, age-related physiological change. Normal aging involves structural changes in the digestive tract, but the development of painful mucosal tears is an abnormality that requires specific medical attention.
Choice B rationale
Intestinal obstruction is a mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that prevents the normal transit of digestive products. This is a serious medical emergency and is never considered a normal part of the aging process. While older adults may have a higher risk for obstructions due to factors like tumors or adhesions, the presence of an obstruction is a pathological state that significantly disrupts homeostasis and requires immediate diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
Choice C rationale
Slowed peristalsis is a common physiological change associated with the aging process. As individuals age, there is often a decrease in the sensitivity of the enteric nervous system and a reduction in the strength of smooth muscle contractions within the colon. This leads to a longer colonic transit time, allowing for increased water absorption from the stool, which results in harder, drier feces. This normal age-related decline is a primary contributor to geriatric constipation.
Choice D rationale
Recent colon cancer surgery is a specific medical history event that can certainly lead to changes in bowel habits, including constipation due to anesthesia, pain medications, or physical alterations of the gut. However, surgery for malignancy is an extrinsic factor related to a disease state and is not a normal, universal physiological change that occurs simply due to the passing of time. Assessment findings must distinguish between surgical complications and the baseline physiological effects of aging.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Angina is a clinical syndrome characterized by chest pain or pressure resulting from myocardial ischemia. It occurs when the oxygen demand of the heart muscle exceeds the supply provided by the coronary arteries, often due to atherosclerosis. While it involves a localized supply-demand mismatch in the heart itself, it does not define the systemic state where the heart fails as a pump to maintain adequate circulation and oxygenation to all the peripheral tissues of the body.
Choice B rationale
Heart failure is the correct term for the physiological state in which the heart is unable to pump blood at a rate sufficient to meet the metabolic requirements of the tissues. This results in inadequate systemic perfusion and tissue oxygenation. It can be caused by structural or functional abnormalities that impair the ability of the ventricles to fill with or eject blood. This leads to symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and fluid retention throughout the body systems.
Choice C rationale
A dysrhythmia refers to any abnormality in the rate, regularity, or sequence of cardiac depolarization and repolarization. While some dysrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation or severe bradycardia, can lead to decreased cardiac output and poor perfusion, the term itself only describes the electrical activity of the heart. It is not synonymous with the overall pumping failure of the heart, as many dysrhythmias do not immediately result in systemic tissue hypoxia or global perfusion deficits.
Choice D rationale
Myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to a specific part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to the death of cardiac myocytes. While a large myocardial infarction can certainly cause heart failure by damaging the pumping mechanism, the infarction itself is an acute ischemic event. Heart failure is the broader clinical condition and resulting syndrome of inadequate systemic perfusion that may or may not be triggered by a specific event like an acute myocardial infarction.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.