Patient Data

Click to indicate whether the following laboratory test results will likely be elevated, decreased, or within normal limit based on the client's condition. Each row must have one response option selected.

Urine specific gravity

Glucose

Potassium

Serum sodium

Serum osmolality

Plasma anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) level

Urine osmolality

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"C"},"C":{"answers":"C"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"B"},"G":{"answers":"B"}}

Rationale:

• Urine specific gravity: The client’s urine is extremely dilute because ADH is deficient due to hypothalamic neoplasm. The kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, resulting in a very low specific gravity, typically less than 1.005. This confirms polyuria associated with diabetes insipidus.

• Glucose: Diabetes insipidus affects water balance, not glucose regulation. The client’s blood sugar is expected to remain within normal limits unless another endocrine disorder is present. Routine monitoring of glucose ensures no stress-induced hyperglycemia occurs.

• Potassium: Potassium is generally not directly affected by ADH deficiency. Although prolonged polyuria can eventually lead to electrolyte imbalances, potassium levels are usually maintained within normal limits early in diabetes insipidus.

• Serum sodium: Excessive loss of free water in DI concentrates the sodium in the blood, leading to hypernatremia. Elevated serum sodium is a hallmark finding and contributes to neurological symptoms such as confusion, lethargy, or seizures.

• Serum osmolality: Plasma becomes hyperosmolar as water is lost in urine while solutes remain, leading to elevated serum osmolality, often above 295 mOsm/kg. High osmolality is consistent with dehydration caused by diabetes insipidus.

• Plasma anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) level: The hypothalamic neoplasm impairs ADH production or release, resulting in deficiency. Low ADH levels prevent water reabsorption in the kidneys, causing polyuria and dilute urine, which is the primary pathophysiology in central diabetes insipidus.

• Urine osmolality: Urine is very dilute (< 200 mOsm/kg) because it lacks solutes. Low urine osmolality confirms that the kidneys are excreting large volumes of water without ADH-mediated concentration, which is characteristic of diabetes insipidus.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Measure abdominal girth: Abdominal girth assessment is more relevant for monitoring ascites or abdominal distention, not for evaluating a suprapubic catheter. It does not provide information about catheter function or complications.

B. Assess perineal area: While perineal skin integrity is important, a suprapubic catheter bypasses the urethra, making perineal assessment less directly related to catheter care.

C. Observe insertion site: Inspecting the suprapubic catheter insertion site is essential to detect signs of infection, leakage, or skin breakdown. Proper site monitoring ensures early identification of complications and maintains catheter patency.

D. Palpate flank area: Flank palpation can detect kidney tenderness, which may indicate infection, but this is secondary to direct inspection of the catheter site. Immediate assessment focuses on the insertion site for safety and infection prevention.

A. Height and weight checks. B. Colorectal cancer screenings. C. Prostate exams for men. D. Tuberculosis screening. E. Contraception counseling.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Height and weight checks: Monitoring height and weight helps identify trends in body mass index (BMI), obesity, and related chronic disease risks such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Routine measurement is an essential component of health promotion in middle-aged adults.

B. Colorectal cancer screenings: Screening for colorectal cancer typically begins at age 45–50 for average-risk adults. Early detection through colonoscopy, stool tests, or other methods reduces morbidity and mortality, making it a key preventive health activity.

C. Prostate exams for men: Prostate cancer screening, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal exams, is recommended for men starting around age 50, or earlier for those at higher risk. Regular screening promotes early detection and improved outcomes.

D. Tuberculosis screening: Routine TB screening is not indicated for all middle-aged adults unless they have specific risk factors, such as immunocompromised status, recent exposure, or travel to endemic areas. It is not a standard health promotion activity for the general population.

E. Contraception counseling: While important for reproductive-aged individuals, middle-aged adults are typically beyond peak fertility. Contraception counseling is not routinely prioritized in health promotion for this age group unless specific reproductive concerns exist.

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Patient Data Click to indicate whether the following laboratory test results will likely be elevated, decreased, or within normal limit based on the client's condition. Each row must have one response option selected.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which assessment should the home health nurse include during a routine home visit for a client who was discharged home with a suprapubic catheter?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a health promotion class to middle-aged adults. Which routine health promotion activity(ies) should the nurse encourage? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who tests positive for gonorrhea. The client reports having had prior sexually transmitted infections (STIS). Which response should the nurse provide?

To evaluate the effectiveness of a male client's new prescription for ezetimibe, which action should the clinic nurse implement?

A young adult female presents at the emergency department (ED) with acute lower abdominal pain. Which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider (HCP)?

When preparing to administer an intravenous medication through a client's triple lumen central venous catheter, the nurse observes that there are no continuous intravenous fluids infusing. Which action should the nurse take?

Patient Data Based on the client’s history and clinical findings, which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse anticipate the provider will order first?

Patient Data

Click to indicate whether the following laboratory test results will likely be elevated, decreased, or within normal limit based on the client's condition. Each row must have one response option selected.