Physiological muscle fatigue may be caused by:
a relative lack of ATP.
high levels of lactate.
failure of the sodium-potassium pumps.
all of the above.
The Correct Answer is D
A. a relative lack of ATP: ATP is required for the cross-bridge cycle; a deficiency prevents muscle contraction and relaxation.
B. high levels of lactate: Anaerobic respiration leads to lactic acid buildup, which lowers pH and interferes with enzyme activity and calcium binding.
C. failure of the sodium-potassium pumps: Ion imbalances caused by pump failure prevent the muscle membrane from repolarizing correctly.
D. all of the above: Muscle fatigue is a complex process caused by the combination of energy depletion, chemical buildup, and ion imbalances.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Buffering: Chemical buffers in the blood (like the bicarbonate system) provide the first line of defense against pH changes.
B. Respirations: The lungs help regulate pH by exhaling or retaining carbon dioxide (CO2), which is acidic.
C. Urine secretion: The kidneys maintain long-term balance by excreting hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing bicarbonate.
D. All of the above: The body requires the integrated action of chemical buffers, the respiratory system, and the urinary system to maintain a stable pH.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. antibody: While antibodies are present in the plasma, they are the opposite of the blood type (e.g., Type A blood has anti-B antibodies).
B. antigen: Blood types (A, B, AB, O) are named based on the specific markers (antigens) found on the surface of the red blood cell.
C. transfusion reaction: This is the result of a blood type mismatch, not the definition of the blood type itself.
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