Removal of the _______ will be most harmful of all for a one-year-old child
thymus
spleen
appendix
lymph node
palatine tonsil
The Correct Answer is A
A. Thymus: The thymus is essential for the development and maturation of T lymphocytes, particularly in infants and young children. Removing the thymus at one year of age would severely impair adaptive immunity, leaving the child highly susceptible to infections.
B. Spleen: While the spleen plays a significant role in filtering blood and mounting immune responses, its removal is less immediately catastrophic in a one-year-old than removal of the thymus. Children can survive with partial immune support from other lymphoid tissues.
C. Appendix: The appendix contains lymphoid tissue but is not essential for immune function. Its removal has minimal long-term impact on immunity, even in young children.
D. Lymph node: Lymph nodes contribute to local immune responses, but their removal does not drastically impair systemic immunity. Other nodes can compensate for the loss of individual lymph nodes.
E. Palatine tonsil: Tonsils provide localized immune surveillance in the oropharynx. Removal may slightly reduce immune defense in that area, but systemic immunity remains largely intact.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Allowing the organelles to spill free from the bacteria:Bacteria do not have membrane-bound organelles, so this mechanism is not applicable. The membrane attack complex does not function by releasing organelles but targets the plasma membrane itself.
B. Disrupting the selective permeability of a bacteria's plasma membrane:The MAC forms pores in the bacterial plasma membrane, disrupting its integrity and allowing ions and water to flow uncontrollably. This loss of membrane selectivity leads to cell lysis and death, effectively killing the bacteria.
C. Penetrating the capsule of the bacteria giving antibiotic drugs access to bacterial cells:The MAC does not facilitate antibiotic entry. Its function is independent of drug therapy and directly lyses bacterial cells by forming transmembrane channels.
D. Providing a passage for antibodies to enter into the bacterial cytosol:Antibodies cannot enter bacterial cytosol via MAC. The MAC kills bacteria through pore formation that disrupts osmotic balance, not by transporting antibodies into the cell.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Lymph nodes:Lymph nodes are small, encapsulated secondary lymphoid organs located along lymphatic vessels. They filter lymph, trap pathogens, and provide sites for lymphocyte activation, making them essential for immune surveillance.
B. Lymph follicles:Lymphoid follicles are dense collections of lymphocytes found within secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, tonsils, and the spleen. They are not individual organs but structural components within organs.
C. Lacteals:Lacteals are specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that absorb dietary fats. They are part of the lymphatic system but are not lymphoid organs.
D. Lymphatics:Lymphatics refer to the network of lymph vessels that transport lymph throughout the body. They are conduits rather than discrete secondary lymphoid organs.
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