The currently accepted etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus takes into account:

genetic factors.

autoimmune mechanisms.

environmental factors.

all of the above.

none of the above.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Rationale:
A. Genetic predisposition plays a role, with certain HLA types increasing susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.
B. Type 1 diabetes is primarily an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
C. Environmental triggers, such as viral infections or early exposure to cow's milk, may contribute to the onset of the disease in genetically predisposed individuals.
D. All of the listed factors are believed to interact in the development of type 1 diabetes, making this the most accurate choice.
E. This contradicts the current understanding of the multifactorial causes of the disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Congenital hypothyroidism often presents with features such as a large, protruding tongue, poor feeding, lethargy, and hypotonia.
B. Hypoparathyroidism typically presents with hypocalcemia-related symptoms like tetany, seizures, or muscle cramps, not a large tongue.
C. Hyperparathyroidism is rare in infants and more likely to present with symptoms related to high calcium levels such as vomiting, constipation, or lethargy.
D. Hyperthyroidism usually causes increased metabolism, irritability, weight loss, and tachycardia — not a protruding tongue.

A. myasthenia gravis. B. spina bifida. C. cerebral palsy. D. Reye's syndrome.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Myasthenia gravis typically presents with muscle weakness and fatigue, but it does not usually cause retained primitive reflexes like the Moro reflex. It is also rare in infants.
B. Spina bifida can result in motor deficits, but the persistence of the Moro reflex is more commonly associated with cerebral palsy than with spinal defects.
C. The persistence of primitive reflexes (such as the Moro reflex beyond 6 months) and delayed gross motor milestones like rolling over are classic signs of cerebral palsy.
D. Reye's syndrome is an acute condition linked to aspirin use in viral infections. It causes liver dysfunction and encephalopathy, not developmental delays or retained reflexes.

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The currently accepted etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus takes into account:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A large, protruding tongue on an infant can be a sign of:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A mother brings her 11-month-old into the clinic. The infant exhibits the Moro reflex and cannot roll from front to back. The nurse understands that these signs can indicate:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following are important parts of the nursing care plan for an infant with myelomeningocele?

A nurse is educating a young boy about the assessments required to make a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. What information should the nurse include in the teaching?

A child is diagnosed with impetigo. Pustules are the primary lesions found on this child. Which of the following correctly describes pustules?

A 2-year-old is suspected of having cellulitis of the finger. Which organism or condition is the most likely cause of the infection?

The nurse is caring for a child who has contact dermatitis due to poison ivy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

The nurse has completed discharge teaching for the family of a child diagnosed with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Which statement by the family indicates the need for further education?

An adolescent says her feet itch, sweat a lot, and have a foul odor. What condition does the nurse suspect?

When working with parents who have a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy, which therapeutic management goals should be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply.