The family members of a patient with vascular dementia note that the patient is acting like herself and that she has returned to baseline. As the nurse, you want to be sure that the family understands that:
Vascular dementia symptoms can vary and may clear up, but there is an irregular pattern of decline.
Vascular dementia involves the development of Lewy Bodies.
Vascular dementia is not treatable with medication.
Vascular dementia has a slow, insidious (gradual) onset
The Correct Answer is A
A. Vascular dementia symptoms can vary and may clear up, but there is an irregular pattern of decline: Cognitive changes in vascular dementia often occur in a stepwise manner, with periods of relative stability or temporary improvement. This fluctuation reflects the occurrence of new cerebrovascular events rather than continuous progressive decline.
B. Vascular dementia involves the development of Lewy Bodies: Lewy Bodies are abnormal protein deposits associated with Lewy Body dementia, not vascular dementia. Vascular dementia results from cerebrovascular disease affecting brain tissue.
C. Vascular dementia is not treatable with medication: While no cure exists, some medications may help manage symptoms or coexisting conditions. Symptom management and risk factor control can slow progression.
D. Vascular dementia has a slow, insidious (gradual) onset: Gradual onset is more characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. Vascular dementia often presents with abrupt or stepwise cognitive changes following strokes or ischemic events.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Food is rapidly ingested without proper mastication: Rapid eating may contribute to gastrointestinal discomfort or increased calorie intake, but it does not directly cause dental deterioration or enamel erosion.
B. Poor dental and oral hygiene leads to dental caries: While poor oral hygiene can exacerbate dental problems, enamel erosion in patients who purge is primarily due to chemical exposure rather than hygiene practices alone.
C. Purging causes the depletion of dietary calcium: Purging may affect overall nutritional status, but the loss of calcium is not the direct cause of visible dental erosion. Tooth enamel damage occurs through chemical means rather than mineral depletion.
D. The emesis produced during purging is acidic and corrodes the tooth enamel: Repeated vomiting exposes teeth to gastric acid, which is highly erosive. The acid softens and wears away enamel over time, leading to dental deterioration, sensitivity, and increased risk of cavities.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Fluoxetine (Prozac): Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used for depression and bulimia nervosa, but it is not FDA-approved for binge eating disorder. It may be used off-label for comorbid mood symptoms.
B. Methylphenidate (Ritalin): Methylphenidate is indicated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It is not approved for the treatment of binge eating disorder and does not target compulsive eating behaviors.
C. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse): Lisdexamfetamine is FDA-approved for moderate to severe binge eating disorder in adults. It reduces binge frequency by modulating dopamine and norepinephrine pathways that influence impulse control and reward mechanisms.
D. Olanzapine (Zyprexa): Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic used for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. It is not approved for binge eating disorder and may cause weight gain, which could worsen binge-related concerns.
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