The loss of hydrogen ions, or gain of bases, causes the pH of blood to increase and become.
Hypertonic.
Acidotic.
Alkaline.
Neutral.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Hypertonic refers to the osmolarity or solute concentration of a solution compared to another, typically across a semi-permeable membrane. It describes a state where the concentration of solutes is higher than that of the intracellular fluid, causing water to move out of cells. While acid-base imbalances can occur alongside osmotic shifts, hypertonic does not describe the pH level of the blood. Normal blood osmolarity ranges from 275 to 295 milliosmoles per kilogram of water.
Choice B rationale
Acidotic describes a state where the blood pH falls below the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. This occurs when there is an accumulation of hydrogen ions or a loss of bicarbonate bases. If the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value decreases. Since the question describes a loss of hydrogen ions or a gain of bases, the resulting state would be the opposite of acidosis. Acidosis can lead to central nervous system depression and cardiac arrhythmias.
Choice C rationale
Alkaline, or alkalotic, describes a blood pH that has increased above the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. This condition results from a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions or an excess of basic substances like bicarbonate. In chemistry, a higher pH value indicates a more basic or alkaline solution. This shift affects protein binding and electrolyte balance, particularly calcium and potassium, often leading to increased neuromuscular excitability, muscle twitching, or tetany in the patient.
Choice D rationale
Neutral refers to a pH of 7.0, where the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is equal. In the human body, a pH of 7.0 is actually considered acidotic because it is lower than the physiological normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. Human life is only compatible with a very narrow pH range; therefore, a gain of bases will push the pH toward the alkaline side of the spectrum rather than settling at the neutral point.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cold therapy induces local vasoconstriction, which reduces the diameter of blood vessels and decreases capillary permeability. This physiological response limits the leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces, thereby minimizing edema and swelling at the injury site. Furthermore, the reduction in blood flow slows the inflammatory cascade and decreases the release of chemical mediators like histamine and bradykinin, which effectively reduces redness and provides an analgesic effect by numbing local nerve endings.
Choice B rationale
Cold application typically functions as a local anesthetic by slowing the conduction velocity of sensory nerve fibers. While the initial application of an ice pack might feel uncomfortably cold or produce a stinging sensation, the ultimate goal and expected outcome of cryotherapy is a significant reduction in pain. Increased discomfort would suggest a potential complication, such as cold-induced tissue damage or frostbite, rather than the intended therapeutic effect of soothing the injured area.
Choice C rationale
Cold therapy is designed to decrease vascularity and promote fluid retention within the vessels through constriction. An increase in serous drainage would imply an increase in capillary leakage or inflammatory exudate, which contradicts the intended physiological outcome of ice application. By stabilizing cell membranes and reducing hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries, cold therapy should lead to a drier wound environment and a decrease in the volume of drainage from a surgical incision.
Choice D rationale
Because cold causes the smooth muscles in the walls of the arterioles to contract, the resulting vasoconstriction actually helps to control minor bleeding rather than increasing it. Heat therapy would cause vasodilation and potentially increase bleeding, but cold is a standard intervention for promoting hemostasis. Any observation of increased bleeding following the application of ice would be an abnormal finding and could indicate that the cold has caused skin shivering or other unintended systemic reactions.
Correct Answer is ["7"]
Explanation
36 Step 1 is 0.75 g × 1000 mg/g = 750 mg.
Step 2 is 750 mg ÷ 375 mg/tablet = 2 tablets per day.
Step 3 is 14 tablets ÷ 2 tablets/day = 7. The answer is 7.
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