The nurse is administering medications to the patient who is in renal failure resulting from end-stage renal disease.
The nurse is aware that patients with kidney failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase.
Distribution.
Metabolism.
Excretion.
Absorption.
The Correct Answer is C
This question explores the relationship between renal function and pharmacokinetics. It requires understanding that the kidneys are the primary organs responsible for removing waste products and drugs from the body, making excretion the most significantly affected phase in patients with advanced kidney failure.
Choice A rationale
Distribution refers to how a drug moves throughout body tissues and fluids. While kidney failure can affect protein binding or fluid volume, distribution is not the primary pharmacokinetic process impaired by the loss of renal excretory function in end-stage renal disease.
Choice B rationale
Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes. While some drugs are metabolized by the kidneys, the liver remains the dominant site for biotransformation. Kidney failure does not fundamentally change the primary hepatic metabolic pathways used by most medications.
Choice C rationale
Excretion is the final process of removing drugs from the body, occurring mostly through the kidneys. In end-stage renal disease, the glomerular filtration rate is critically low, leading to drug accumulation, toxicity, and the need for significant dose adjustments.
Choice D rationale
Absorption is the process of a drug entering the bloodstream from its site of administration. While gastric pH or gut motility can be altered in uremia, absorption is not the primary pharmacokinetic phase impacted by the direct loss of renal function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This question evaluates the nurse's role in the evaluation phase of the nursing process following medication administration. It requires understanding that assessing clinical outcomes is essential to determine whether the intended therapeutic goals have been achieved or if adjustments to the plan of care are required.
Choice A rationale
While recording the dose administered is a component of accurate documentation and medication safety, evaluating the actual therapeutic response is the most important step to determine if the clinical intervention successfully met the patient's specific health needs.
Choice B rationale
The time of administration is a required element of medication documentation to ensure patient safety and adherence to a schedule. However, it does not provide any information regarding the patient's clinical response or the effectiveness of the drug.
Choice C rationale
Assessing for patient allergies is a critical safety step that must be performed prior to any medication administration. Evaluating this after administration is too late to prevent an adverse drug reaction and does not assess clinical therapeutic efficacy.
Choice D rationale
The primary purpose of medication therapy is to achieve a specific physiological change. Evaluating the therapeutic effect allows the nurse to confirm the drug's success in managing the patient's symptoms and guides future decisions regarding ongoing pharmacological treatment plans.
Correct Answer is ["1650"]
Explanation
Step 1 is convert 1.5 cups of coffee to mL (1 cup = 240 mL): 1.5 × 240 mL = 360 mL.
Step 2 is convert 10 oz of water to mL (1 oz = 30 mL): 10 × 30 mL = 300 mL.
Step 3 is convert 8 oz of broth to mL (1 oz = 30 mL): 8 × 30 mL = 240 mL.
Step 4 is add all volumes: 360 mL + 300 mL + 240 mL + 750 mL = 1,650 mL. Final calculated answer is 1,650 mL..l
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