The nurse is assessing a client with rib fractures. Which of the following findings would indicate that the client is developing a tension pneumothorax?
Depression between ribs on unaffected side
Hyperresonance on unaffected side
Presence of rales on the affected side
Shifting of the trachea away from affected side
The Correct Answer is D
A. Retractions or depressions between ribs usually indicate increased work of breathing, but they are not specific for tension pneumothorax and do not involve tracheal deviation or mediastinal shift.
B. Hyperresonance is typically percussed on the side with trapped air (the affected side), not the unaffected side. Hyperresonance alone does not confirm a tension pneumothorax.
C. Rales (crackles) are associated with fluid in the alveoli, such as in pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Tension pneumothorax involves air in the pleural space, not fluid, so rales are not expected.
D. In tension pneumothorax, air accumulates under pressure in the pleural space, compressing the lung and pushing the mediastinum, including the trachea, toward the unaffected side. This is a classic and life-threatening sign that requires immediate decompression.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Norepinephrine is a potent vasoconstrictor, and if it infiltrates peripheral tissue, it can cause severe tissue necrosis and extravasation injury. Administering it through a central venous catheteris the highest priority safety measurewhen initiating the infusion to prevent serious complications.
B. Continuous cardiac monitoring is importantbecause norepinephrine can cause tachycardia, arrhythmias, and increased myocardial oxygen demand, but the risk of tissue injury from peripheral administration is more immediately critical.
C. Assessing baseline blood glucose is not a priorityfor norepinephrine administration. Blood glucose monitoring may be relevant in critical care, but it does not directly prevent complications from norepinephrine infusion.
D. Documenting the client’s level of consciousness is important for ongoing assessment of perfusion and neurological status, but it is not the highest-priority actionat the time of initiating a vasopressor infusion.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Assess the nasal cannula for proper placement and any kinks or obstructionsis correct because before making any changes to oxygen therapy or administering medications, the nurse must first ensure that the oxygen delivery device is functioning correctly. Incorrect placement, tubing disconnections, or kinks can reduce oxygen delivery and cause hypoxemia. This assessment is the safest and most immediate actionto identify a reversible cause of low SpO2.
B. Encourage the patient to take deep breaths and cough to clear secretionsis incorrect as the initial action because while coughing and deep breathing can improve oxygenation over time, it does not address the immediate potential mechanical issuewith oxygen delivery that could be causing the low saturation.
C. Administer a short-acting bronchodilator inhaler as orderedis incorrect because this should only be done after assessing for mechanical or reversible causesof hypoxemia. While bronchodilators help relieve airway constriction in COPD, they do not immediately correct problems related to oxygen delivery device malfunction.
D. Increase the oxygen flow rate to 4 LPM to improve oxygenationis incorrect as the initial action in a COPD patient because rapid increases in oxygen can suppress the patient’s respiratory drivein chronic CO2 retainers. Any adjustment to oxygen flow must be done safely and after assessing equipment and patient response.
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