The nurse is assessing a female patient who reports severe abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ). Which condition should the nurse suspect? Select all that apply.
Peptic ulcer
Appendicitis
Hemorrhoids
Cholecystitis
Tubal (ectopic) pregnancy
Correct Answer : B,E
A. Peptic ulcer: Pain from a gastric or duodenal ulcer is typically localized in the epigastric region or the upper quadrants. It is often described as a burning or gnawing sensation related to food intake or fasting. It is anatomically distant from the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
B. Appendicitis: The vermiform appendix is located in the cecum within the right lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity. Inflammation of this organ typically causes localized pain at McBurney's point along with rebound tenderness. It is the most common surgical emergency presenting with acute pain in this specific quadrant.
C. Hemorrhoids: These are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that cause localized discomfort, itching, or bleeding during defecation. They do not produce generalized or localized abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. They are an anorectal vascular issue rather than an intra-abdominal inflammatory process.
D. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder typically manifests as severe pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ). This pain may radiate to the right scapula or shoulder following the ingestion of fatty meals. It is not a standard finding in the lower regions of the abdominal cavity.
E. Tubal (ectopic) pregnancy: A fertilized ovum implanted in the right fallopian tube can cause sudden, severe pain in the right lower quadrant as the tube distends. This is a life-threatening emergency that must be ruled out in any female of childbearing age with lower abdominal pain. It requires immediate surgical or medical intervention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 0/5
This indicates no muscle contraction at all. It would apply if the patient had complete paralysis and could not initiate any movement. Since Marcus can elevate his shoulders, this is not correct.
B. 1/5
This means a trace contraction is palpable or visible, but no movement occurs. Again, Marcus is able to move his shoulders against gravity, so this does not fit.
C. 2/5
This score is given when the patient can move the joint only if gravity is eliminated, but cannot overcome gravity. Marcus can elevate his shoulders against gravity, so this is not accurate.
D. 3/5
This represents full range of motion against gravity but not against resistance. Marcus can elevate his shoulders, but when the nurse applies resistance, he cannot maintain the movement. This matches his presentation.
E. 4/5
This indicates full range of motion against gravity and some resistance, but less than normal strength. If Marcus had been able to elevate his shoulders and withstand the nurse’s pressure partially, this would apply. However, he was unable to resist at all, so 4/5 is not correct.
F. 5/5
This is normal strength, meaning full range of motion against gravity and full resistance. Since Marcus cannot resist the nurse’s pressure, this is not appropriate.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Sharing needles is a big risk factor for hepatitis.": Percutaneous exposure to contaminated blood is a primary transmission route for Hepatitis B and C viruses. Sharing injection equipment allows for the direct inoculation of viral particles into the bloodstream of a susceptible host. This remains a significant public health challenge in preventing bloodborne pathogen spread.
B. "Chronic hepatitis increases the risk for liver cancer.": Persistent inflammation from Hepatitis B or C leads to progressive hepatic fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. This chronic cellular damage and regeneration cycle predisposes hepatocytes to malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma. Longitudinal monitoring of these patients for oncological changes is a standard clinical requirement.
C. "Newborns should receive the Hepatitis B vaccine.": Universal neonatal immunization is the standard of care to prevent vertical transmission and early childhood acquisition of the virus. The first dose is typically administered within 24 hours of birth to ensure long-term immunological protection. This strategy has drastically reduced the global prevalence of chronic HBV infection.
D. "Health care workers should get a Hepatitis C vaccine.": Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for the prevention of the Hepatitis C virus. While vaccines exist for Hepatitis A and B, Hepatitis C prevention relies entirely on standard precautions and post-exposure protocols. This statement is scientifically inaccurate because the vaccine technology does not yet exist.
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