The nurse is assessing the vital signs of a 20-year-old marathon runner patient and documents the following vital signs: temperature-97 F; pulse-50 beats per minute; respirations-14/minute; blood pressure-96/68 mm Hg. Which of the following statements is true about these results?
The patient is experiencing orthostatic hypotension.
On the basis of today's readings, the patient should return to the clinic in 1 week.
These are normal vital signs for a healthy, athletic adult.
The patient's pulse rate is not normal and the physician should be notified.
The Correct Answer is C
Highly trained endurance athletes exhibit physiologic adaptation characterized by increased parasympathetic tone and enhanced stroke volume resulting in resting bradycardia, low-normal blood pressure, and efficient oxygen utilization without pathology state
Rationale:
A. Orthostatic hypotension requires a significant postural change in position causing transient blood pressure reduction. No evidence of standing-to-supine comparison is provided in this assessment. Therefore diagnosis of postural drop affecting systolic pressure is unsupported. Vital signs reflect baseline physiologic state.
B. Routine follow-up is not indicated for physiologic athletic bradycardia when asymptomatic and hemodynamically stable. The vitals demonstrate expected cardiovascular adaptation in endurance training rather than disease progression. No pathology warrants follow-up interval reassessment within arbitrary short timeframe clinically. Findings consistent with clinical stability athlete.
C. Endurance training increases parasympathetic tone leading to sinus bradycardia adaptation. In well-trained athletes this represents normal cardiac efficiency physiologic state. Blood pressure and respirations remain within expected adult ranges context. Overall findings consistent with athletic conditioning rather than pathology present.
D. A resting pulse of 50 beats per minute may be normal in athletes. Athletic training increases stroke volume reducing resting heart rate physiologically. No signs of poor perfusion or hemodynamic instability are present. Findings reflect physiologic bradycardia adequate cardiac output.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Dysphagia is swallowing dysfunction caused by neurologic impairment, structural obstruction, or muscular weakness, leading to aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, and impaired airway protection during oral intake requiring swallowing coordination therapy
Rationale:
A. Speech articulation drills like 'light tight dynamite' address speech production not swallowing safety or aspiration risk. Improves phonation but do not enhance airway protection mechanisms thus irrelevant for dysphagia rehabilitation priority teaching and management focus clinically
B. Frequent douching is not associated with dysphagia pathology dysphagia pathology temporomandibular joint pain relates to occlusion or bruxism disorders dysphagia involves pharyngeal or esophageal swallowing impairment not TMJ dysfunction therefore option is clinically irrelevant to swallowing rehabilitation teaching context focus here
C. Thoroughly chew small food boluses to reduce aspiration risk improves oral processing and forms cohesive bolus for safer swallowing this enhances coordinated pharyngeal transit and airway protection during intake critical dysphagia strategy to prevent choking and aspiration events clinically
D. antimicrobial therapy of patient is required for eradication of infection targeted antimicrobial therapy reduces pathogen load and prevents complications untreated dysphagia-related infections increase aspiration risk and systemic spread early management improves outcomes and prevents transmission to others clinically highly important
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Jaundice results from elevated bilirubin levels causing deposition in tissues, notably sclera, producing yellow discoloration. It indicates hepatic dysfunction, hemolysis, or biliary obstruction. Associated findings include dark urine, pale stools, and pruritus requiring prompt evaluation.
Rationale:
A. Arcus senilis is a gray-white lipid ring at the corneal periphery, common in aging. It is benign and does not affect vision or indicate acute pathology. Presence of corneal deposits without systemic symptoms reflects a normal aging change.
B. Yellow sclera indicates hyperbilirubinemia and underlying hepatic or biliary disease. It may signal conditions such as hepatitis or obstruction. Presence of scleral icterus and elevated bilirubin levels represents a potentially serious systemic disorder requiring further investigation.
C. Subconjunctival hemorrhage appears as a bright red patch due to ruptured capillaries, often from minor trauma or strain. It resolves spontaneously without treatment. Localized vascular rupture without systemic signs indicates a benign condition.
D. Pingueculae are small yellowish conjunctival growths caused by UV exposure and irritation. They are harmless and do not affect vision significantly. Presence of conjunctival thickening without inflammation reflects a nonpathologic change.
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