The nurse is caring for a 35-year-old female who lives with her husband. The patient has Multiple Sclerosis (a chronic disease), smokes a pack of cigarettes a day, and receives an annual flu vaccination. Which of the following increase her risk of infection? (Select all that apply)
Living situation
Multiple Sclerosis (chronic disease)
Patient’s current age
Smoker
Flu vaccinations
Correct Answer : B,D
Choice A reason: Living with her husband does not inherently increase infection risk unless there are specific environmental factors. Normal living situations are not considered infection risk factors.
Choice B reason: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease that compromises immune function and increases susceptibility to infections. Patients with MS may also be on immunosuppressive medications, further elevating risk.
Choice C reason: Age 35 is not considered a high-risk age group for infection. Older adults and infants are more vulnerable, but middle-aged adults generally have intact immune systems.
Choice D reason: Smoking damages lung tissue, impairs mucociliary clearance, and reduces immune response, making smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections and delayed healing.
Choice E reason: Flu vaccinations reduce infection risk, not increase it. Vaccinations are protective measures that strengthen immunity against influenza.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Expressing personal discomfort does not address the patient’s need and could come across as dismissive or unprofessional. The focus should remain on meeting the patient’s religious and cultural needs.
Choice B reason: Checking with the charge nurse may delay the patient’s request and does not demonstrate initiative or respect for the patient’s immediate needs. It is appropriate to consult if needed, but a more proactive solution is preferred.
Choice C reason: Stating personal religious beliefs is irrelevant to the patient’s request and does not assist in providing culturally sensitive care. It may inadvertently dismiss the patient’s needs.
Choice D reason: This response acknowledges the patient’s request and shows a commitment to meeting the patient’s cultural and spiritual needs by finding someone who can read the Torah. It demonstrates respect, advocacy, and patient-centered care.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Bathing enhances patient comfort by relieving feelings of uncleanliness, refreshing the body, and promoting relaxation. It also supports dignity and psychological well-being, especially for patients who have been unable to perform hygiene independently.
Choice B reason: Bathing stimulates circulation through gentle massage and movement of extremities during the process. Warm water dilates blood vessels, improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. This is particularly beneficial for immobile patients at risk of pressure injuries.
Choice C reason: Bathing cleanses the skin by removing sweat, oils, dead cells, and microorganisms. This reduces the risk of infection, prevents odor, and maintains skin integrity. Proper cleansing is essential for patients with wounds, catheters, or compromised immunity.
Choice D reason: Bathing does not reduce the need for oral care. Oral hygiene is a separate aspect of patient care that prevents dental disease, halitosis, and aspiration pneumonia. Bathing addresses skin and systemic comfort, not oral health.
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