The nurse is educating a mother about what could be done for her premature newborn experiencing pain.
Part of nonpharmacologic interventions that are recommended are the following: Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale

Adolescence is characterized by the onset of puberty and significant hormonal shifts that drive an increased interest in romantic and sexual relationships. This reflects the transition into the genital stage of psychosexual development and the exploration of intimacy. It is a normal finding for a fifteen year old to seek peer validation and explore their sexual identity as they move away from the family unit and toward more complex social interactions.

Choice B rationale

While adolescents begin to consider their future, solidifying specific long term occupational plans is generally not expected by age fifteen. According to Erikson, this age group is primarily focused on identity versus role confusion. Most fifteen year olds are still exploring various interests and lack the cognitive maturity or life experience to lock in a definitive career path. Pressuring for a solid decision at this stage would be developmentally premature and potentially stressful.

Choice C rationale

Developing a sense of industry is the primary developmental task of the school age child, typically between ages six and twelve. This stage involves mastering skills and feeling competent in one's abilities. By age fifteen, the individual has moved past industry and into the identity formation phase. Expecting a teenager to be focused on industry rather than identity indicates a misunderstanding of the chronological progression of psychosocial stages defined by developmental theorists.

Choice D rationale

A hallmark of middle adolescence is the drive for autonomy and independence from parental figures. Fifteen year olds often exhibit a push for self governance and may challenge established rules to define their own boundaries. This process is essential for healthy emotional growth and the eventual transition into adulthood. Nurses should recognize this behavior as a sign of progress in establishing a unique personal identity separate from the family structure.

Choice A rationale

Identifying the timing and frequency of physical contact provides data on the chronicity of the events but does not immediately clarify the specific intent or the exact physical nature of the interaction. While establishing a pattern is useful for long-term documentation in forensic nursing, it is secondary to understanding the immediate context of the physical contact to determine if the actions meet the legal and clinical definitions of non-accidental trauma or child abuse.

Choice B rationale

Assessing the nature and circumstances of the physical contact is the priority because it allows the nurse to distinguish between culturally specific disciplinary practices and actual physical abuse. The nurse must determine if the hitting results in injury, such as bruising or lacerations, and the specific context in which it occurs. This detailed information is essential for mandated reporting and ensures that the safety of the child is evaluated based on the severity and intent of the uncle.

Choice C rationale

The age of the uncle is a demographic detail that may be relevant for a police report or a social services investigation, but it does not provide insight into the safety of the child or the nature of the physical interaction. Knowing the perpetrator's age does not help the nurse assess the child's physical condition or the risk of further injury, making it a lower priority than the details of the physical contact itself.

Choice D rationale

Determining the child's level of familiarity with the uncle helps establish the relationship dynamics within the household or family structure. However, the degree of acquaintance does not change the clinical or legal threshold for reporting suspected abuse. Even if the child knows the uncle well, the nurse's primary responsibility is to investigate the physical act described and determine if the child is in immediate danger of further physical harm or neglect.